The main purpose of this article is to discuss the public health of indigenous land during the Japanese rule period, with the Showa period as the focus of discussion. This article is historical research, through the analysis and discussion of relevant historical documents; understand the impact of the public health strategies and actions introduced by the Japanese on the indigenous tribes. During the Taisho period, Japanese officials had established public health systems and measures similar to those for people living in plain. By the time of the Showa period, it had become a period of development for the public health of indigenous land. In terms of medical treatment, the indigenous people could accept the medical methods introduced by the Japanese; in order to reduce the death rate of newborns, the Japanese trained the indigenous people in midwifery technology. In addition, epidemic prevention had become a matter of tribal autonomy. Finally, set up a "public health association" in indigenous land to promote public health affairs. Judging by the number of visits during the Showa period, the indigenous people could still accept the medical treatment introduced by the Japanese.