模作他人：以香港新界東北吉澳島的節日、儀式和族群為中心

Emulating the Other: The Festivals, Rituals, and Ethnic Groups of Kat O, Northeastern New Territories, Hong Kong

蔡志祥(Chi-Cheung Choi)

《歷史人類學學刊》 9卷2期 (2011/10) Pp. 65-88

摘要

在地域社會中，文化和生活方式的正確性，一方面是控制地方聲音的地域精英對理想模型的理解、執行和詮釋，另一方面是群眾從周邊社會中學習、較衡和選擇的結果。從地域社區的視角，正確的生活方式是通過接觸、模仿和選擇的長期建構的結果。吉澳是香港東北、鄰近中國邊境的海島。島上的居民主要是岸上人的「客家」人及長期為其蔑視的「水上人」（鶴佬、蛋家）漁民。吉澳島最早上岸的那一群漁民的生活界線因為鄰近的客家十約而顯得清晰，也因為1930年代的新一群的漁民上岸而加強。這樣的界線不是國家賦予的，而是通過自我陳述、節日實踐以及仿作他者的過程而建立的。

關鍵字

吉澳 ； 節日 ； 身份認同 ； 族群關係 ； 客家 ； 水上人

並列摘要

The standards for correct culture and modes of life in local society rely on local elites' understanding, interpreting and implementing of an ideal cultural model on the one hand, and are the result of local people's learning, comparing and selecting cultural elements from the communities around them on the other hand. From the local community's perspective, the correct way of living is a long term process involving contact, imitation and selection. Kat O is an island situated near the northeastern border of Hong Kong. Its inhabitants include land dwellers who claim to be ＂Hakka＂ and the floating population (the Hokko and Tanka) who were for a long period of time despised by the former group. The land dwellers, who were themselves fishermen before moving onshore, identified themselves through self-affiliation with the neighboring Hakka village alliances. Their Hakka identity has strengthened since the 1930s when the floating population started to move ashore. Contemporary ethnic boundaries in Kat O were not conferred or imposed by the imperial state but are the result of a long term process involving the people's narration of their own history, their ritual practices, and their emulation of their neighbors' ways of living.

並列關鍵字

Kat O ； Festival ； identity ； ethnicity ； Hakka ； floating population