流動的邊界與凝固的權力：中山崖口村的定居歷史與資源控制

Mobile Boundaries and Solidified Rights: Settlement History and Resource Control in Yakou, Zhongshan

黃健敏(Jian-Min Huang) ； 劉志偉(Zhi-Wei Liu)

《歷史人類學學刊》 9卷2期 (2011/10) Pp. 89-129

摘要

本文考察的是一個位於廣東省珠江口伶仃洋畔的鄉村－中山市崖口村。崖口村由八個被稱為自然村的次級社區組成，在今天固然是中國現行行政體系中的一個行政村，而過去也因為土地控制機制整合成為一個有高度一體性的共同體。這個共同體由基於不同定居歷史記憶形成不同認同的人群組成，他們以各自的歷史敘述作為自己在這個土地控制共同體中擁有權利的依據，同時也以此排斥其他人群的加入並同周邊的鄉村爭奪控制權。本文從這個鄉村的歷史入手，討論一個「村」的邊界的動態變化如何與資源控制權利的凝固化過程互動，構成傳統鄉村的複雜結構，以及這一結構如何通過不同層級的空間表現出來。

關鍵字

邊界 ； 權利 ； 宗族 ； 資源控制 ； 崖口

並列摘要

This paper is a study of thevillage of Yakou, located in the wetlands of the Pearl River in Zhongshan, Guangdong. Yakou is comprised of eight so-called ＂natural villages＂ in a hierarchical arrangement; in the current administrative structure it is an ＂administrative village＂. In the past mechanisms of land control had also led to its integration as a highly cohesive community. This community was formed out of groups with different identities linked to different memories of settlement history. These groups used their historical narratives of settlement as the basis for claims of authority over the land control community, in order to exclude other groups from entering the community and in their struggles over rights with villages in the surrounding area. This paper uses the history of Yakou to explore how changing community boundaries interact with the stabilization of resource rights in order to form the complex structure of traditional communities, and how this structure is expressed at different levels of spatiality.

並列關鍵字

boundaries ； rights ； lineage ； resource control ； Yakou