- 期刊
硼化學的沿革及近況
Boron Chemistry: Its Development and Recent Achievements
摘要
本文對硼化學從本世紀初A. Stock的研究開始，經50年代的蓬勃發展到目前的近況作一簡要報告。硼為相當特殊的元素。雖然在週期表上它和碳相鄰卻具有與碳截然不同的化性及鍵結能力。為了處理硼化物的高親氧性，化學家設計了玻璃真空系統，此技術為往後有機金屬化學研究室所不可或缺的工具。另一方面，為了解釋硼化物的特殊鍵結方式，化學家逐步修正先前的鍵結理論使之更趨完善。新的鍵結理論也幫助化學家在往後解釋金屬叢化物的特殊結構上有了理論依據。近年來硼化學的發展主要集中在複雜化合物的合成。這些化合物的主結構可能是硼、金屬或碳等所組成。不同比例的組成產生形形色色的結構及各式各樣的特性及化性。硼化物在醫學治療或作高硬度或耐高溫材料使用，在近來也廣受注目。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
In this article, the development of boron chemistry from the very beginning of A Stock's work through the renaissance of it in 50' till recent achievements have been reviewed. Boron is unique in a sense that even though it belongs to main-group, still its bonding capacity and reactivity are very different from its neighboring main group element -- carbon. The study of boron chemistry naturally leads chemists to modify their conventional chemical bonding theories to be able to account for those boron compounds with seemingly random structures. At the same time, it leads to the invention of high vacuum technique to be able to handle those extremely air-sensitive compounds. The recent development of boron chemistry focuses on its unique bonding capacity with a variety of metal or main group elements to form new compounds with distinct yet versatile physical and chemical properties. Its applications in industry as well as in medical therapy also show encouraging signs.