摘要
血液是臨床上檢查身體時最常被檢驗的生物液體。血漿的蛋白質體分析可能提供關於許多疾病的訊息，或甚至描述一個人當今的健康狀況。隨著這幾年分離蛋白質技術的進步，將二維電泳、液相層析、或蛋白晶片，結合質譜，能夠快速的辨識血漿中的蛋白質與分析其濃度的變化，而且藉由比較健康人與病人間之差異找出致病的蛋白，稱之為生物標記。生物標記的效用在於疾病的早期診斷與監測疾病的進展，不幸的是，因為來源的關係，許多存在於血漿中潛在的生物標記多屬於低豐度的蛋白。然而血漿中具有大量的古典蛋白，γ-免疫球蛋白和白蛋白占佔血漿蛋白總質量的百分之七十五。這些豐富的古典蛋白質造成偵測生物標記上的困難。因此，各種各樣的分離，耗盡，提高富度和定量之效應，以及在MS 能力方面的新近的改進，已經大幅改善在低豐度蛋白的偵測辨識和鑑定，例如：染料受質吸引與免疫親和法，已被廣泛使用，有效的提昇偵測的靈敏度。更進一步的發展仍然被需要，以便為非常低濃度的生物標記之探索提供一個基礎。
並列摘要
Blood is the body fluid that is the most frequently examined clinically. The protein analysis of blood plasma may provide important information on many diseases or to indicate an individual’s current health condition. With the progress of protein separation technology over these years, one can separate specific protein from the plasma and analyze its concentration by combination of techniques such as 2-dimensional electrophoresis, protein chip, liquid based chromatography and mass spectrometry. By comparing a patient’s protein with sample of healthy human, the pathogenic protein, called the biomarker, could be identified. Biomarker is extremely useful in early stage diagnosis of diseases and diseases prognosis. Unfortunately, many potential biomarkers within plasma are mainly present at lower protein abundances and are scarce. In addition, there are plenty of classical proteins in the plasma. The γ-immunoglobulin and the albumin account for 75% of total plasma proteins. The abundance of these classical proteins causes difficulty in detecting the biomarkers. Various isolation methods in separation, depletion, enrichment, quantitative efforts and latest enhancements in MS capabilities have resulted in certain improvements in the detection and identification of lower abundance proteins. For example: the technology of dye-ligand absorption and the immunoaffinity, have already been widely used. Further advancement is still needed to provide a basis for exploration of candidate biomarkers at very low levels.