宋代杜甫年譜內容析論

本文嘗試探究宋人撰作杜甫年譜（或杜詩年譜）中的若干重要議題，包括杜甫生卒年、授官、生平經行足迹等等。就杜詩學言，現存早期記錄杜甫生平重要事跡等文獻，諸如：元稹（779-831）＜唐故工部員外郎杜君墓係銘並序＞、《舊唐書．杜甫傳》、王洙（997-1057）＜杜工部集記＞與《新唐書．杜甫傳》等等，這些文獻皆屬於杜甫之史料傳記，且多只記錄杜甫生平若干大事，平生大事之證明，並非關注之要項，僅＜集記＞偶加舉證而已。迨及宋代，杜甫年譜面世，始漸言及相關討論，其所探析者多屬基礎論題，甚以詩文為證，某些結論或有錯訛，某些則立論精詳，因此仍然極具研究價值。目前僅存可見的宋代杜甫年譜計有：呂大防（1027-1097）＜杜詩年譜＞、趙子櫟（？-1137）＜杜工部草堂詩年譜＞、蔡興宗（晁公武時人）＜重編杜工部年譜＞、魯訔（宋高宗紹興五年進士，1135）＜杜工部詩年譜＞、黃鶴《補注杜詩．年譜辨疑》（＜後序＞成於宋寧宗嘉定九年，1216）、劉辰翁（1232-1297）＜杜工部年譜＞等。此皆為本文主要探究的對象。最後，本文基本上是關注宋代杜甫年譜如何證明杜甫生平某些重要議題，並其援引之證據。此中，宋代杜甫年譜所證成之議題，即其在杜詩學中之價值所在。

關鍵字

杜甫；杜詩；年譜

並列摘要

This study investigates important issues addressed in various chronicles of Du Fu written by authors from the Song Dynasty, including Du Fu’s year of birth and death, his commissioning as an official, and the places he travelled during his life. With respect to studies of Du Fu’s poetry, existing early documents that provide some record of important events in his life include Grave Inscription of Du Fu, the Late Ministry of Public Works Official from the Tang Dynasty by Yuan Zhen (779-831 AD), Collections of Du Gong Bu from the Ministry of Public Works by Wang Zhu (997-1057 AD), The Old Book of Tang: A Biography of Du Fu, and The New Book of Tang: A Biography of Du Fu, among others. These documents are considered historical biographies of Du Fu and record significant events from his lifetime. However, other than Collections, which raised some factual evidence for its claims, most of these documents do not focus on providing proof of the events they describe. The chronicles of Du Fu came into existence during the Song Dynasty, and discussions of the aforementioned evidence (or lack thereof) gradually came to the fore. Most of the resulting analysis focused on basic topics, with some using Du Fu’s poems as proof of certain biographical details, an approach which often led to mistaken conclusions. Nonetheless, some of those arguments were highly detailed, providing good research value. Existing documents written during the Song Dynasty include The Chronicles of Du Fu’s Poetry by Lu Da Fang (1027-1096AD), The Chronicles of Du Gong Bu’s Thatched Cottage by Zhao Zili (?-1137AD), A Revision of the Chronicles of Du Gong Bu by Cai Xing Zong (who wrote during the era of Zhao Gong Wu), The Chronicles of Du Gong Bu’s Poetry by Lu Yin (a scholar who wrote in the 5^th year of Shaoxing during the reign of Emperor Song Gaozong, or 1135 AD), Supplementary Notes for the Chronicles of Du Fu by Huang He (the epilogue of which was completed in the 9^th year of Jiading during the reign of Emperor Song Ningzong, or 1216 AD), and The Chronicles of Du Gong Bu by Liu Chen Weng (1232-1297AD), among others. The above documents will be the primary scope of investigation in this study. Finally, this study investigates the extent to which the various chronicles of Du Fu written during the Song Dynasty prove the details of certain significant events in his life through an examination of the various pieces of evidence cited within them. That said, this study does not focus on arguing against any mistakes in the chronicles. The verification of details relating to Du Fu’s life provided in the Song chronicles is precisely why they are of value in the study of Du Fu’s poetry.