- 期刊
王宗岳太極拳思想與《太極圖說》關係的探討
The Exploration of the Relationship Between Wang Chung-Yueh s Tai Chi Chuan Theory and Tai Chi Diagram
摘要
本文主要探討王宗岳太極拳論與太極圖說的關係。一般太極拳的學者認為太極拳思想是在周濂溪太極圖說之後所創發，本文將太極拳論與太極圖說的思想深入分析後，發現認為：〈一〉周濂溪的太極圖說思想以周易與中庸為主，道家、道教只是其宇宙論思想的來源，其基本取向是儒家的風格，而王宗岳太極拳論的宇宙論並無道教的觀念，也無中庸誠的概念，更無周易卜筮之思想。以上非王宗岳的思想。〈二〉太極圖為道教煉丹術的產物，呈現逆而成仙的過程，與王宗岳的太極拳思想不符合。〈三〉王宗岳的太極拳論無太極圖說的五行與乾坤的概念，而五行與乾坤的概念同樣發源於先秦時期，但道家、列、莊三家及黃老道家的《黃帝四經》均不用乾坤與五行概念。可見王宗岳的思想為較純粹的道家或黃老道家的系統。而後世學者註解太極拳用五行與乾坤概念，可能受太極圖說及煉丹術思想的影響。基於以上三點筆者認為太極拳思想未必是啟發於太極圖說。
並列摘要
The purpose of this study was to discuss the relationship between Wang Chung-Yueh's Tai Chi Chuan Theory and Tai chi Diagram. Most of the Tai Chi scholars believed that the thought of Tai Chi derived from Tai Chi Diagram. After a detailed analysis of the thought of Tai Chi Chuan Theory and Tai Chi Diagram, some primary findings are as follows: 1. The thought of Tai Chi Diagram was mainly based on Chou-Yi and Chung-Yung. Its foundation was built on Confucian's teaching. Taoism was only the source from which the Tai Chi Diagram derived its cosmology. On the other hand, in the cosmology of Wang Chung-Yueh's Tai Chi Chuan Theory, there was no trace of the concept of Taoism, Jung of Chung-Yung, as well as the thought of Chou-Yi and divination. 2. Tai Chi Diagram was the product of Taoism's self practice of alchemy. It represented the way through which people reversed the ways of nature to become immortal. The practice does not conform to Wang Chung-Yueh's Tai Chi Chuan Theory. 3. Unlike Tai Chi Diagram, Wang Chung-Yueh's Tai Chi Chuan theory lacked the concepts of Five Elements and Yin-Yang Theories. Five Elements and Yin-Yang Theories originated from pre-Chin Dynasty, those theories were absent in the thoughts of Lao Tzu, Lieh Tzu and Chuang Tzu, as well as the Huang Di's Four Canons of Huang-Lao Taoism. Obviously, Wang Chung-Yueh's thought was simply influenced by Taoism and Huang-Lao Taoism. Modern scholars, being misled by the Tai Chi Diagram and the thought of alchemy, used Five Elements and the concept of Yin-Yang to explain Tai Chi Chuan Theory. Based on the three illustrations above, I deemed that the thought of Tai Chi Chuan is unlikely derived from Tai Chi Diagram.