- 期刊
《3-6歲兒童學習與發展指南》「說明」中的兒童圖像與教育實踐
Children's Images and Educational Practice in the Directions Section of the Guidelines for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6 Years
摘要
2012年9月發布的《3-6歲兒童學習與發展指南》（以下簡稱《指南》），是大陸幼兒教育主要指導方針之一。近年來，兩岸幼教交流甚為頻繁。針對《指南》的精神內涵與實踐要領進行探究，有其重要性。《指南》的架構含「說明」及「健康」、「語言」、「社會」、「科學」、「藝術」等五個領域的學習與發展目標和教育建議。「說明」部份雖僅1,025字，卻是《指南》的核心基礎。除發佈依據，它的內容主要包含幼兒教育目標、幼兒學習與發展特性及幼兒園教育實踐原則與策略三個部份。本文針對《指南》中的「說明」加以析論。首先，指出《指南》於「說明 部份所描繪的教育目標為讓幼兒獲得全面協調與適性發展，並讓幼兒具優質與自主學習特質。其次，闡明它視幼兒的發展具有整體性與差異性，經驗、實作與遊戲乃幼兒獲得意義學習的關鍵途徑。最後，依《指南》於「說明」中的內涵勾勒教育實踐原則與策略，包含「科學保教」、「能力導向、統整多元」、「兒童本位」及「開放學習」。此外，也建議大學與幼兒園教師可協同透過行動研究針對《指南》的實踐策略進行探究，以更能符合複雜實務情境特性與要求。《指南》頒布至今雖已數年，大陸許多幼兒園教師仍未掌握其精神內涵與實踐要領。本文結論與建議，也可供其參考。
並列摘要
The Guidelines for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3-6 Years (GLDC), released in September 2012, are the primary guidelines concerning early childhood education in mainland China. Cross-Taiwan Strait exchanges in early childhood education have been frequent in recent years. Investigating the core objectives and implementation requirements of the GLDC is necessary. The GLDC comprises directions, learning and developmental objectives, and educational suggestions in five fields: health, language, social abilities, science, and arts. Although the directions section contains only 1,025 words, it is the cornerstone of the GLDC. In addition to the reasons for releasing the GLDC, it includes three main parts: early childhood education objectives, characteristics of young children's learning and development, and preschool educational principles and strategies. This study investigated the implications of the directions section of the GLDC. The study results are as follows: First, the educational objectives described in the section are intended to enable young children to develop comprehensively and adaptively and to achieve excellent and autonomous learning competencies. Second, the section describes that the development of young children involves holistic and varying traits, and that experience, implementation, and play are the critical methods by which young children achieve meaningful learning outcomes. Finally, according to the content of the section, the following practical principles and strategies for early childhood education are proposed: ＂scientific care and education,＂ ＂competency-based, multi-integrated curriculum,＂ ＂children-centered instruction,＂ and ＂open learning.＂ Additionally, preschool and university educators are recommended to collaboratively study the main points for GLDC implementation through action research to more appropriately match the characteristics and demands of complex practical situations. The GLDC was released several years ago; however, many preschool teachers in mainland China are yet to adopt its principles and do not understand how to implement it. The conclusions and suggestions presented in this paper can serve as a reference for these teachers.