馬、蔡政府時期兩岸文教交流政策之探討—以文化部補助「民間團體辦理兩岸傳播或新聞交流活動」為例

2008年國民黨馬英九贏得總統大選，民進黨執政時期兩岸緊張關係獲得改善，馬政府積極推動兩岸交流政策，為兩岸和平發展帶來一線曙光。文化部成立後，為兌現馬總統競選承諾，除在既有之「補助國內藝文團體及個人赴大陸地區及港澳交流」基礎上持續挹注資源，亦將新聞局移入之「兩岸傳播」及「新聞交流」業務加以整合，訂定「文化部補助民間團體辦理兩岸傳播或新聞交流活動作業要點」，鼓勵國內民間團體辦理兩岸傳播或新聞交流活動，希望透過大眾傳播功能，排除兩岸交流障礙，達到促進兩岸正向交流效益。2016年民進黨重返執政，蔡英文拒認「九二共識」，兩岸關係丕變，兩岸文化交流亦受波及，導致我「國際」及「兩岸」文化交流活動，頻遭中共打壓。2020年蔡總統連任，民進黨維持「抗中保臺」及「構築民主防禦工事」政策思路，促使兩岸關係更形對立，不僅文化部欲藉文化交流促進兩岸關係之政策期待難以實現，亦使馬政府時期為鼓勵民間團體辦理兩岸傳播或新聞交流活動補助機制，在無法獲得實質政策效益情況下被迫黯然退場。爰本研究以文化部「補助民間團體辦理兩岸傳播或新聞交流活動」為例，探討馬英九、蔡英文政府時期兩岸文化交流政策演變，並論述其對兩岸交流活動影響。

關鍵字

兩岸交流；文化政策；文化交流；兩岸傳播；新聞交流

並列摘要

In early 2008, the Kuomintang (KMT) won landslide legislative and presidential election victories. Ma Ying-Jeou's cultural policy for the 2008 presidential election was formulated. After the establishment of the Ministry of Culture, in order to fulfill President Ma's campaign promise, in addition to continuing to inject resources on the basis of the existing "subsidies to domestic art and cultural groups and individuals to go to the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao" , Ma's government integrated the Information Bureau's "cross-strait communication" and "news exchange" business were and stipulated that the Ministry of Culture subsidizes non-governmental organizations to handle cross-strait communication or news exchange activities. to encourage domestic Civil Society Organizations to handle cross-strait communication or news exchange activities, hoping to eliminate cross-strait communication barriers through the function of mass communication, to achieve the benefits of promoting positive exchanges between the two sides of the strait. In 2016, when the DPP returned to power, Tsai's refusal to accept and abide by the "1992 Consensus", and cross-strait relations changed dramatically, and cross-strait cultural exchanges were also affected. As a result, "international" " and "cross-strait" cultural exchange activities were frequently suppressed by the CCP. In 2020, when President Tsai was re-elected, the relationship between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait became more confrontational. The Tsai government's policy ideas of "anti-China protection Taiwan" " and "building a democratic fortification" eventually led to the retirement of the mechanism to subsidize Civil Society Organizations for cross-strait communication or news exchange. This study takes the Ministry of Culture's "subsidies to non-governmental organizations to engage in cross-Strait communication or news exchange activities" as an example to explore the evolution of cross-strait cultural exchange policies during the Ma and Tsai administrationsand discuss their impact on cross-strait exchange activities.