摘要
壹、前言 貳、新石器時代的陶製蒸食用器 叁、商閥「銅器時代」的燕食用器 一、商代早期的銅甗 二、商代晚期的銅甗 三、西周的銅甗 四、東開卷秋時期的銅甗 五、東周戰國時期的銅甗 肆、結論 在中國，人類的現極早，亦早知熟食之法，據考古報告，自雲南省一七○萬年前的「元謀人」始，後及陜西省有一○○萬年的後的「藍田人」，河北省有七○到二○萬年前的「北京人」，這些舊石器時代的先民，都留下熟食的灰燼炭屑與燒烤的獸骨化石，足資證明。到了七、八千年前的新石器時代早期，人們才開始搏泥燒製各種裝盛用的陶器；當七千年時，在今浙江省杭州灣南岸的「河姆渡文化」中，出現了夾炭黑陶的盆形甑，其底有許多漏孔，用如箄子，顯然是要與釜、罐之類陶器配搭，以甑內盛食物，套置於裝有水的陶釜或罐上，然後燃火炊煮，以達蒸食目的。大約晚於陶甑二千年後，長江下游的安徽省出現了以甑與鼎套合的陶甗，使蒸食器構造完整。至三六○○年前，活躍於黃河、長江兩流域及華北的居民，都已嘗到蒸食的美味。商周「銅器時代」的燕食用器，係以銅甗為主，其具宴享煮及置於宗廟祭祀祖先的雙重功用；在商周一五○○年間銅甗款式繁多。每一時段都有演變特徵，故粗分五期列舉要器說明。銅甗在形制上有獨體、分體及三連體的不同，紋飾則隨時尚而變化；先民在上古時代不但講究蒸食口味，同時還精工巧鑄蒸食用器，為中國的上古文明傳下瑰奇的珍寶文物。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
This article is divided into four sections: I .Preface II .Pottery Used in Steaming Food of the Neolithic Age lll.Containers Used in Steaming Food of the Bronze Age A. Bronze steamer of the Early Shang Dynasty B. Bronze steamer of the Late Shang Dynasty C. Bronze steamer of the Westarn Chou Dynasty D. Bronze steamer of the Epoch of Spring and Autumn E. Bronze steamer of the Period of Warring States N. Conclusion In China, man appeared very early, and demonstrated the ability to cook early on, as well. According to archaeology reports, Yunnan Province's ＂Yuan Mo Man＂ of 1,700,000 years ago, Shan Hsi's ＂Lan Tien Man＂ of 1,000,000 years ago, and Hopi's ＂Peking Man＂ of 700,000 to 1,200,000 years ago, were all from Old Stone Age cultures which left burned ashes and roasted animal fossils as evidence of cooking. By the early: eolithic Age 8,000-7,000 years ago, man started to create and use earthenware vessels. Seven thousand years ago, there appeared in the ＂HoMu- Tu Culture＂ on the southern coast of Hangchow of Chekiang Province the bowl-shaped tseng used as a lining whose bottom bore many holes. Containing the food to be cooked, the tseng apparently would be placed in vessels which contained water. In so doing, the process of steaming was realized. Approximately 2,000 years after the tseng, appearance of the in the lower reaches of the Yangtze Riverin Anhwei Province, the yen emerged. Anassemblage fitted from the tseng and ting, the yen marked the completion in the development of the shape of vessels used for steaming and 3,600 years ago the people living in northern China alone the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys were already savoring the aromas of steamed foods. Vessels for steaming food were primarily made from bronze during the Bronze Age of the Shang and Chou Dynasties. They were used for both banquets and ancestor-worship ceremonies at ancestral shrines. During the period spanning the 1,500 years of the Shang and Chou Dynasties, the bronze yen took on many different forms. with each period seeing the development of new characteristics. Accordingly five periods have been identified and their respective representative vessels discussed. With respect to form, the bronze yen comes as whole units as well asunits consisting of two or three pieces. Their ornametation changed with the fashion of the times. Lastly, the ancients not only paid close attention to the steaming of foods, they also applied greats skill in fashioning their vessels for steaming food. Bestowed upon us is a treasured legacy of the ancients.