拔貢李逢時的科舉進路與仕紳意識

On Li Feng-shi's scholar-gentry position and poetry

陳家煌(Chen Chia-Huang)

《臺陽文史研究》 Issue 9 (2024/01) Pp. 57-87

Abstracts

清代噶瑪蘭詩人李逢時擁有拔貢的功名，在取得拔貢的過程中，李逢時曾經到過臺南府城及省會福州。期間還短暫從事臺灣官員的幕僚工作，例如科考閱卷、調解地方紛爭等，但其一生大部分的時間都待在故鄉噶瑪蘭。李逢時的一生行跡，大致也可以從《泰階詩稿》中得到概括認識。李逢時在故鄉所待的時間較久，靜觀自得，對於晚清噶瑪蘭的風土人情、山川形勢有比較深刻的描寫。擁有拔貢功名後晉升上層仕紳階層，李逢時也與當時的廳通判、縣丞、巡檢等基層守土官有比較多的往還酬唱。擁有地方仕紳的身分，在晚清噶瑪蘭頻繁的分類械鬥，他也牽涉其中。李逢時與清代其他臺灣詩人陳維英、陳肇興等等一樣，在擁有功名前或擁有了功名後，便在鄉梓設帳授徒，從事舌耕的生活。生活就算不能致富，但是經濟條件絕對高於一般人。尤其擁有的功名等級愈高，靠著仕紳特權而產生的利益也愈大。這些都是因為他們擁有功名後，清帝國給予這些仕紳的權利與權力。所以，想要更清楚瞭解這些詩人詩作中的特殊而細緻的感受及情緒，對於他們的身分地位，也就要有更清楚的認識。本文便從李逢時的拔貢身分地位入手，探討他何以棄官不就，如何以詩名世，又如何以仕紳身分以詩作關懷家鄉噶瑪蘭地區。

Keywords

李逢時 ； 噶瑪蘭廳 ； 拔貢 ； 仕紳 ； 泰階詩稿

Parallel abstracts

The most important thing in Li Feng-shi's life story is that he has the scholar-gentry title of Senior Licentiates by selection(拔貢學銜).For getting this title , Li Feng-shi had visited the capital city of Tainan and Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province several times. He may also be a staff member of Taiwan officials at these times. His life course can be generally understood from the "Tai Jie Collections". Because he had been in his hometown for a long time, he had been complacent, and had described more about the local customs and the situation of the mountains and rivers in the late Qing Dynasty. He has the honorable name of tribute, and also has a lot of remuneration with the grass-roots civil servants at the time, such as the first-class assistant magistrate(通判), assistant hsien magistrate(縣丞), and subdistrict magistrate(巡檢). Coupled with his status as a local gentry, such as the frequent classification of fighting in the Karmalan in the late Qing Dynasty, he actually got involved in it. However, the reason why Li Feng-shi's poems can be handed down as a solitary one, apart from being blessed by the gods, his poetic art is put in the Taiwan poetry at that time is not inferior. Li Feng-shi, like Chen Wei-ying and Chen Zhao-xing, finally been teachers after they got the scholar-gentry title. Although they were impossible to get rich, they did not lead to poverty. Even if life was not rich enough, the economic conditions were definitely higher than ordinary people. In particular, the higher the rank of fame, the greater the benefits derived from the privilege of gentry. This is because after they have obtained the fame, the Qing empire gave these gentry rights and powers. Therefore, if we want to understand the special and detailed feelings and emotions of these poets more clearly, we must have a clearer understanding of their status. This article starts with Li Feng-shi's Senior Licentiates by selection status, and discusses how he used poems to illuminate the world, and how to generate poet consciousness and local literary consciousness in his poetry.

Parallel keywords

Li Feng-shi ； Kamaran subprefecture ； Senior Licentiates by selection ； gentry ； Tai Jie Collections