- 期刊
「－起來」的語義分析與教材檢視
Semantic Analysis and Textbook Review of -Qilai
摘要
動詞補語「－起來」的語義不完全能自字面意義解讀，而語義透明度越低，則越可能造成學習者偏誤。學界對於動後成分「－起來」的研究，雖在細部上有不同處理方式，但多將其分為「位移」、「結果」、「起始」、「評價／假設」等四類、早期多從句法與語義的視角，討論語義分類及賓語位置，後期則以認知語言學的隱喻觀點詮釋「－起來」的語法化分層，即以空間轉喻時間，轉而再進入心理空間的概念形成過程。本文利用線上語料庫蒐集網路真實語料，以前人分類處理並計算分佈情形，發現各個語義階段之間具連續性，然前人所提出分類尚足夠描述現代語言的實際使用情形。而前方動詞的語義對整體結構的語義也有一定影響，「－起來」於結構中的功能則是以原義過濾前方動詞。觀察目前通行教材對於各語義的教學次序，多從較具體的「位移義」著手，而頻率較高的「結果義則較晚出現。
並列摘要
The meaning of the verb complement ＂-qilai＂ cannot be deduced literally from its two structural components. This low semantic transparency might lead to learning errors. While their descriptions differ slightly, most studies on ＂-qilai＂ as a complementary suffix, analyze its meaning into four categories: movement, result, start, evaluation/condition. Earlier studies looked at the meaning categories and the location of the object through a sentential structure and semantic presentation perspective. Later studies took a cognitive linguistic perspective and explained the grammaticalization of ＂-qilai＂ and its conceptualization with metaphors moving from the space domain to the time domain and finally to the mental domain. The present study collected real Internet language data from an online corpus, examining previous studies by categorizing and calculating the data with the four meanings of ＂-qilai＂, which are sufficient to include and describe the semantic continuum in the collected data. The verb in front of ＂-qilai＂ also plays a significant role in determining the meaning of the ＂-qilai＂ phrase, while ＂-qilai＂ itself filters for the proper verb with its original meaning. Currently most commonly used textbooks present ＂-qilai＂ starting with its original meaning, the category of movement, while the most frequent meaning, the result category, often appears later in the textbooks.