- 期刊
近義動詞「說」和「談」用法分析與教學
A Comparison of Near-Synonyms ＂shuō＂ and ＂tán＂ with Pedagogical Suggestions
摘要
「說」和「談」這兩組詞在意思上頗相近，在某些時候更可以互換，語句上語法通順，而且表達的意義也相同。這兩組詞彙也都屬初級單字，而且「談」的釋義與「說」對應，如此或對華語學習者造成對兩詞的理解上的困擾。本文從字本義、其語法特徵為重點分析，找出「說」和「談」的異同處，即是「說」和「談」都是指「言論」或「談話」等之意思。語法上的構式也幾乎相同，而且兩組詞皆擁有雙向溝通的隱含意思。但是「說」大部分時候卻傾向於單向溝通，而且在雙音節詞組上更是明顯。除此之外，「說」有更多延伸的義項，如：說教、說親等。最後綜合前人意見，提出「說」和「談」的教學重點、注意事項與建議，望能促進華語教師的教學效率，以精準簡單的例句加強學習者的理解程度。
並列摘要
The meanings of the Chinese words ＂shuō＂ and ＂tán＂ are similar and in some cases they can be used interchangeably. They are both categorized as beginning level vocabulary, and the meaning explanations of ＂tán＂ and ＂shuō＂ are corresponding. In general, they can have the same connotations depending on the sentence and there seem to be no grammatical orsemantic differences between the two words. Therefore, this may make it difficult for Chinese language learners to understand these two words. This paper addresses this problem and takes both the words’ literal meanings and syntactic features as the focus to determine the differences and similarities between ＂shuō＂ and ＂tán＂. The findings show that both words indicate the meanings of ＂yánlùn＂(speech) and ＂tánhuà＂ (conversation). They are used the same way in terms of syntax structure and both implicitly convey a two-way communication meaning. However, most of the time, ＂shuō＂ tends to express single-sided communication, which is particularly clear when formed into disyllabic words. In addition, ＂shuō＂ can have more extensive meaning, as in the words ＂shuō jiào＂, ＂shūo qīn,＂ etc. In conclusion, for the purpose of helping instructors use precise and simple sample sentences to improve their pedagogic skills and effectiveness, this paper integrates perspectives from the existing literature and provides a well-suited approach aiming to tackle the problems in teaching ＂shuō＂ and ＂tán＂.