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論量子力學與佛學經典的關聯性研究
The correlation between quantum mechanics and Buddhist classics
摘要
量子力學是21 世紀人類科學發展以來最成功的理論，某種程度著眼在探討「意識」與「宇宙」的關聯。佛學是釋迦牟尼證道經驗的歸納及演繹，被稱為「科學的佛學」，特別是許多經典內容與當前最嶄新的量子力學研究結果如出一轍。本文希望以嶄新的量子物理學角度來比較佛學。希望從比較中產生許多體悟，發現佛學中的科學層面內涵。本文謹扼要探討六項重要主題：其一、全息理論顯示宇宙只是一個幻象，是一個巨大而細節豐富的全像攝影相片，顯明秩序層及隱含秩序層，在更深更高層次的真實相狀中其實是「相互連結」的。「全像式模型理論」印證我們客觀現實世界根本不存在，物質世界是一種幻象。整個宇宙在這個理論中，被發現是「完全的一體」，這跟佛學說的「一即一切，一切即一」完全相同。其二、全像式模型理論指出，現實世界只是一個全像式的幻象，這證實釋迦牟尼在《金剛經》上所說：「凡所有相皆是虛妄。」環繞著我們四周的實有世界，都是我們意識所創造的。也呼應《華嚴經》上又講：「唯心所現，唯識所變」。其三、量子力學「觀察者效應」意味著觀察者意識的介入，能影響、形塑存在的狀態，人的心思意念可以改善生活，改變世界。這與釋迦牟尼在《般若經》上所說的「境隨心轉」完全一致。其四、「量子糾纏」理論證實「超距作用」的存在，「量子疊加」觀點，意味著一個粒子能同時存在於二個或更多的空間中，而意識是物質基本屬性，是宇宙不可分割的一部份。這與佛學認為「萬物皆有佛性」具有驚人的一致。其五、量子力學「超弦理論」揭示我們現實的物質世界基本粒子，都是宇宙弦上的各種「音符」。完全如《金剛經》所說：「一切有為法，如夢幻泡影，如露亦如電，應作如是觀。」其六、「隱含秩序層」說明量子力學所理解的真實宇宙，純粹是一個「空」的狀態；而一根頭髮竟能包容一百萬億億億個宇宙，這正是釋迦牟尼在《華嚴經》中所講的「大小不二，大小平等。」正因兩者如此相似，理論物理學家卡普拉與愛因斯坦都肯定佛教是一個能代替科學的宗教。不過現代量子力學僅知道宇宙其實是「空」的，卻不知如何因應與解答，釋迦牟尼則告訴吾人用「不思不議」的禪定方法，一切障礙我們瞭解生命真相與智慧的東西都會消失。吾人相信，今後佛學與量子力學相輔相成、相互發揚之下，必能引領人類邁向一個更和諧、更幸福的境界。
並列摘要
Quantum mechanics is the most successful theory in human scientific development in the 21st Century, and to a certain extent it focuses exploration on the correlation between ＂consciousness＂ and ＂universe.＂ Buddhism is the summary and deduction of Buddha's experience in discourse on the way, and has been called ＂scientific Buddhism.＂ The contents of many classics are the same as the latest research in quantum mechanics. This study hopes to use the perspective of brand new quantum physics to compare Buddhism, in order to discover various new understandings as well as the scientific content in Buddhism. This study only concisely discusses six important topics. First, holographic theory shows that the universe is only an illusion, a massive hologram rich in detail, with the explicate order and implicate order. In a deeper and higher level of reality they are actually interconnected. ＂Holographic paradigm＂ proves that the world of our objective reality does not exist at all; the material world is an illusion. In this theory, the whole universe has been found to be ＂a complete whole,＂ which is completely the same as ＂one is all, all is one＂ in Buddhism. Second, holographic paradigm points out that the real world is just a holographic illusion, which confirms the Buddha's statement in Diamond Sutra, ＂all appearances are illusory.＂ The real world surrounding us was all created by our consciousness. This also corresponds to Flower Garland Sutra: ＂only the appearances from the heart, only changes from consciousness.＂ Third, in quantum mechanics the ＂observer effect＂ means that intervention by the observer consciousness can influence and mold the states of existence. Human thoughts and consciousness can improve life and change the world. This is completely consistent with Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, in which the Buddha said that ＂the contexts change with the mind.＂ Fourth, the ＂quantum entanglement＂ theory proves the existence of ＂spooky action in a distance.＂ The perspective of ＂quantum superposition＂ means that a particle can simultaneously exist in two or more spaces, while consciousness is the basic trait of matter, an inseparable part from the universe. This is astonishingly similar to the Buddhist claim that ＂all matter has Buddha character.＂ Fifth, in quantum mechanics the ＂superstring theory＂ states that the basic particles in our material world are all ＂musical notes＂ on the string of the universe. This is just as the Diamond Sutra states, ＂All conditioned occurrences. Are like a dream, a bubble, a shadow. Like the morning dew, or like lightning. You should do as you see.＂ Sixth, ＂implicate order＂ explains that the real universe understood by quantum mechanics is purely an ＂empty＂ state; a hair could contain trillions of universes, exactly as stated by the Buddha in Flower Garland Sutra, ＂no differences in size, equality in sizes.＂ It is because these are so similar, theoretical physicists Frijof Capra and Albert Einstein both affirmed that Buddhism is a religion that could replace science. However, modern quantum mechanics only knows that the universe is ＂empty,＂ but does not know how to cope and answer questions. Buddha told us to use the ＂not thinking and not discussion＂ Chan meditation method to make all issues obstructing ourunderstanding of the truth and wisdom of life disappear. We believe that in the future Buddhism and quantum mechanics can mutually support and realize each other, certainly leading the people to a more harmonious and happy state. Buddhism will use its eternal wisdom to offer peaceful passage to all living things as they reach the perfect liberation and completeness.