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凱末爾在中國－土耳其想像與中國革命運動
＂Kemal＂ in Modern China-Imagination of Turkey and Chinese Revolutionary Movement
摘要
清末，革命黨人有所謂「時俗趨向，競效歐美」的說法，貼切點出了黨人熱衷吸收、挪用歐美（含俄國）政治話語與經驗，推助自身的政治運動。然而，很少中國近代史研究者系統地討論，在西歐、美國、俄國及日本之外，一個一個位居歐亞之間的穆斯林國度土耳其，其革命故事曾是中國知識分子所朗朗上口，甚至牽動中國的現實政治發展。到了1920、30年代，社會上甚至有「國民黨天天說要效法土耳其」的說法。土耳其的故事如何被敘述、挪用，應該是近代中國政治歷史圖景中的饒有意義一頁。基於這樣的思考，本文主旨並不是鋪陳近代土耳其崛起的經過，也並非全面地介紹近代中國知識分子對土耳其的認識，而係在於以中國國民革命運動為主要案例，評述土耳其革命史如何成為中國主事者的「知識倉庫」。而今，「國民黨天天說要效法土耳其」的時代結束了。儘管如此，「凱末爾在中國」是一個很好的事例，它告訴了我們：歷史被賦予的「意義」，不單單是多元而複雜；它會跟隨時勢演變，產生分歧，還有被遺忘。
並列摘要
In modern China, intellectuals were keen to absorb and appropriate political discourse from Europe and the United States (including Russia), in order to to promote their own political movements. However, few historians have noticed that, during the 1900s to 1940s, the story of the Turkish revolution was also frequently mentioned by Chinese intellectuals and influenced Chinese realpolitik. How the story of Turkey was narrated and appropriated should be a meaningful page in the political history of modern China. Therefore, the purpose of this article is not to lay out the history of the rise of modern Turkey, nor to comprehensively introduce the understanding of modern Chinese intellectuals about Turkey. The main purpose of this article is to discuss how the history of the Turkish revolution has become a ＂knowledge warehouse＂ for the Chinese. It tells us that, the ＂meaning＂ endowed by history is not only diverse and complex; it will evolve with the times, diverge, and be forgotten.