- 期刊
- OpenAccess
本土化揭弊者保護制度之評析－以揭弊者保護法草案為例
The Construction of Localized Whistleblower Protection System--Taking the Draft Whistleblower Protection Law as an Example
摘要
在封閉的體系或職場環境中，往往造就白領犯罪的形成，制定吹哨者保護機制儼然成為克制為貪腐等專業人士犯罪之重要機制，亦成為國際間衡量國家廉潔之重要指標；先進國家大多均已建置揭弊者之保護機制，雖然名稱或有些許差異，但立法目的一致，不外乎彰顯國家對於廉能政府之重視。本文將以《聯合國反貪腐公約》等國際原則及國際組織針對揭弊者之規範作為指標，討論本土化揭弊者保護之立法指南，並聚焦於揭弊者「身分保密」、「人身安全保證」及「職務保障」三大保護措施，同時也是我國法制設計過程中，遭遇到的最大窒礙及困難之處；同時也對我國於2022年1月25日由法務部廉政署陳報行政院之「揭弊者保護法草案」為核心，分析該草案規範重點，包括公、私部門是否合併立法的考量、揭弊主體、揭弊行為、揭弊事項、受理揭弊機關、對揭弊者保護的措施等預期作為，並提出使揭弊者得以安全、安心、放心揭弊之容許匿名揭弊、弊案應以概括方式定之及倡導揭弊正向意義等建議，以周延本土化吹哨機制。
並列摘要
White-collar crime often occurs in closed systems or workplace environments. The establishment of a protection mechanism for whistleblowers has become an important mechanism for restraining professional crimes such as corruption, and has also become an important indicator for measuring government integrity internationally. Most advanced countries have established a protection mechanism for whistleblowers. Although the names are slightly different, the purpose of the legislation is the same, to demonstrate the country's emphasis on a clean and efficient government. This article will discuss the legislative guidelines for the protection of localized whistleblowers, taking international principles such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption and the norms of international organizations against whistleblowers as indicators. At the same time, this article also focuses on three major protection measures for whistleblowers: "identity confidentiality", "personal safety protection" and "job protection". This is also the biggest obstacle and difficulty encountered in the process of legal system design in our country. At the same time, on January 25, 2022, my country's legal department formulated the "Draft of the Law on the Protection of Whistleblowers" as the core. This article will analyze the normative focus of the draft, including the consideration of whether the public and private sectors are merged into legislation, the subject of exposing fraud, the behavior of exposing fraud, the matters of exposing fraud, the agency that accepts the exposed fraud, and the measures to protect the whistleblower. This article specifically puts forward suggestions such as allowing the anonymous disclosure mechanism to allow whistleblowers to report fraud safely, with peace of mind, and to simplify the definition of fraud cases, and to issue protection letters for whistleblowers, so as to localize the whistleblowing mechanism.