- 期刊
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談戒與持戒
＂Talking about Precepts and Practicing Precepts＂
摘要
佛教一直很強調信條和規矩，而道德或倫理則是佛教崇高目標的前行和修行的重要基礎。佛教以其倫理思想來適應新文化情境，不是因為推論出道德神學的精細處，而是訴諸超倫理的價值：肯定它的超越性。訴諸它的比較廣泛的救世原則。傳統佛教戒律並不能適當回應今日佛教倫理所面臨的危機。我們如果要對戒律做有意義的重估，就必須修改佛教倫理理想的內涵與基礎，不能一昧否認佛教的缺點。對我們這個時代具有意義的佛教倫理，需要具備四個條件：必須根源於過去和傳統的佛教討論。必須考慮到社會和個人的目前時空。必須針對目的而談佛教倫理，並且儘量減少神秘色彩和浮誇虛飾。必須以人類（個體與其社會現實）為考量依據，必須是給每一個人和任何人遵守的信條。我們有必要對古代某些神秘東西做批判性的檢驗，有必要更新那些支持佛教倫理生活的神話和符號，但這並不表示是宗教敬畏的結束。
並列摘要
Buddhism has been very attached to codes and rules. Morality or ethics are preliminaries to the higher goals of Buddhism and the essential basis of the higher life. Buddhism adapted its ethical ideals to new cultural situations not so much by reasoning the subtleties of a moral theology but by an appeal to extra-ethical values: (1) by affirmingits transcendeand (2)by appealing its more general soteriological principles. Traditional Buddhist rhetoric is responding adequately to the crisis in Buddhist ethics today. A meaningful reexamination of the Vinayas will require a revision of both the content and the foundations of Buddhist ethical ideals. It will not do to deny the shortcomings of Buddhism. A meaningful Buddhist ethics for our times should have four overlapping requirements: To be rooted in the past and in traditional Buddhist discourse. To take the social and the individual present into account. To serve its purpose well with a minimum of mystification and pomp in Buddhist ethical discourse. To take into account the individual as well as his or her social reality. It must be a code for each and every one. We need to examine critically some of the ancient mystifications and to renew the myths and symbols that sustain Buddhist ethical life. However, it does not mean the end of religious owe.