巴、漢〈入出息念相應〉經群比較

佛教的修行離不開戒、定、慧三學。所謂修行，就是在日常生活中對「法」（dhamma）的實踐，最終達到離苦得樂的目的。在修行止、觀法門當中，「入出息念」（anapanasati）是其中一種非常普遍的禪修法門，在佛陀時代它是大部份僧侶每天必修的功課，世尊更是經常以此而住。即便是今天，它也是許多佛教徒常用的修行法門。「入出息念」以呼吸為所緣，修止而後作觀，整個修習過程含攝了十六個步驟。在早期的巴利和漢譯佛典文獻，都保存了一組以「入出息念」為主題的經群，分別為《相應部．入出息相應》（Anapana-samyutta, Samyuttanikaya）共二十經，以及《雜阿含經》（Samyuktagama）第801經至815經，本研究把這兩份文獻統稱為〈入出息念相應〉（Anapanasati-samyutta）。二者雖然是相對應的經群，但所記載的內容似乎略有不同。本研究嘗試回到巴利與漢譯文本理解入出息念的記載，從中檢視這兩群文獻的同異之處。

關鍵字

安那般那念；安般念；數息法；入出息；禪修

並列摘要

Buddhist practice involves morality, concentration, and wisdom. The ultimate goal is to abandon suffering and obtain happiness through the realization of dhammas in our everyday life. Awareness of breathing (anapanasati) is one of the most important ways of practicing samatha and vipassana. During the Buddha's lifetime, many of his disciples practiced this daily, and the Buddha himself frequently also abode in anapanasati. It is also practiced by many Buddhists today. Anapanasati takes the breath as object, starting with samatha and moving to vipassana in a process comprised of sixteen steps. In both early Pali and Chinese Buddhist texts, there are clusters of texts centered on the theme of anapanasati. In the Pali canon, there are twenty suttas in the Anapana-samyutta (SN), while texts 801-805 in the Samyuktagama (Za ahan jing 雜阿含經) comprise the Chinese cluster. These two clusters, taken together, will be regarded as a single 'Anapanasati collection' for the purposes of this paper. Although both clusters are from Samyutta/Samyukta divisions, there seem to be significant differences between them. This paper returns to the early Pali and Chinese texts in an attempt to gain a deeper understanding of anapanasati, looking especially at the similarities and differences in the two collections.