The Chinese Buddhist Ritual Field: Common Public Rituals in PRC Monasteries Today

中國的佛事場域──中華人民共和國佛寺常見的大眾儀式

道格拉斯．鳩爾道(Douglas M. Gildow)

《中華佛學學報》 27期 (2014/07) Pp. 59-127

摘要

幾個世紀以來，在中國佛教中儀式的舉行是最普遍、最複雜、最具爭議和經濟效益的活動之一。本文聚焦在中華人民共和國的「法會」，來描述當代中國佛教「儀式場域」的輪廓。從2009至2013年間一些寺院的公告與行事曆，可知舉行了哪些法會與其行銷方式。本文分析其中的一些法會舉行的時間、頻率和與年度節慶的特定關係，並且將這些法會做了進一步的歸類。最後，本文探討儀式活動與商業活動、寺院收入與佛學院的關係。本文所使用的六篇公告與行事曆，含註解的譯文與中文原稿皆放在附錄中。

關鍵字

佛教儀式 ； 法會 ； 中華人民共和國的佛教 ； 儀式場域 ； 年度佛事安排

並列摘要

For centuries the performance of rituals has been one of the most common, complex, remunerative, and controversial activities in Chinese Buddhism. This article lays out the contours of the contemporary Chinese Buddhist ＂ritual field,＂ focusing on rituals called ＂Dharma assemblies＂ (fahui法会) in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Based on a selection of announcements and ritual schedules posted in monasteries during 2009-2013, I show which rituals are performed and how they are marketed. I also show when and how frequently certain rituals linked to the annual cycle of festivals are performed, and analyze and suggest categorization schemas for the rituals. Finally, I discuss the relationships between ritual activities on the one hand and commercial activity, monastic revenue, and seminary studies on the other. Annotated translations of six announcements and ritual schedules, followed by transcriptions of the source Chinese texts for these translations, are included in the appendixes.

並列關鍵字

Buddhist ritual ； Dharma assembly ； PRC Buddhism ； ritual field ； Buddhist ritual schedule

參考文獻

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