臺灣「巧媳婦」故事類型析論

The theory of the folktale types in Taiwan about ＂the Smart wife＂

鐘文伶(Wen-Ling Chung)

《屏東教育大學學報-人文社會類》 32期 (2009/03) Pp. 55-81

摘要

本文以臺灣巧媳婦故事為論述範疇，內容描述女主人公運用智巧解決各種疑難，極力誇耀女性的智慧與獨立自主，故事類型可分為：妙解隱喻、善處事、智解難題、巧對言語四種。臺灣的情節類型雖未超出大陸故事型態，情節卻多著墨於巧婦與公婆的互動情形，在三十一篇中便佔了二十篇。傳統社會中十分強調對女性的嚴格約束，民眾以巧媳婦故事傳達婦女真實的心聲，並歌頌了女性的聰明才智，推翻了「女子無才便是德」的觀點，透過巧媳婦與公婆相處模式之描寫，也嘲諷代表家長權威之醜惡行徑。由此觀之，巧媳婦故事是對傳統父權社會壓迫婦女的一種精神反叛，透過風貌各異的巧媳婦故事，反映「男尊女卑」社會下的女性所作的努力，也突破傳統對性別的刻板印象。因此，巧媳婦故事不僅體現群眾對理想女性的期待，成為眾多女性心嚮往之的目標，進一步來看，其角色塑造也突破傳統文學中女性溫順的形象，深具獨特的文化意涵。

關鍵字

巧媳婦 ； 民間故事 ； 故事類型

並列摘要

This text regards Taiwanese smart wife's story as the range of describing, and describes the woman protagonist uses her brain and tact to solve various kinds of difficulties. This kind of stories does one's utmost to commend women's intelligence and independence. The type of the story can be divided into four parts: the metaphor of solving difficulties, good ways of handling affairs, solutions of difficult problem, and cleverish dialogues. Stories in Taiwan have not gone beyond the story types of those in mainland area, but the type focus on smart wives and their parents in law, which are 20 stories by 31 in total. Traditional society emphasizes to restrain women so strictly. The people transmit woman's true voices by smart wife's story, have extolled women's intelligence and wisdom, overthrow the view on ＂what a stupid woman is a good women＂, and make a dig at parents in law to jeer at their acridity. Therefore, smart wife story not only represents the spirits to revolt traditional patriarchy society, but also reflects the efforts women have done under the society, and then break through the traditional impression on gender. Smart wife's story not merely reflects masses' expectation to ideal women, and become the goal that numerous women yearn for. Furthermore, its role arranging changes women's old image in traditional literature, and that is why it has unique cultural meaning.

並列關鍵字

Smart wife ； Folktale ； The types of the Folktale

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