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【論文摘要】探討疫情衝擊對社區獨居長者健康狀況與休閒活動之影響
【論文摘要】Investigating the Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Health Status and Leisure Activities of Elderly Living Alone in the Community
摘要
研究動機與目的：臺灣已邁入高齡化社會，家庭結構也隨之改變，長者獨居問題逐漸浮現。疫情期間「防疫」為各醫療服務體系首要之任務，同時暫緩獨居長者的家訪服務，唯賴電話問安及關懷。本研究目的為探討疫情衝擊對社區獨居長者健康狀況與修休閒活動之影響。研究方法：以立意取樣方式選取台北市某行政區進行調查，運用社區為夥伴模式，以擋風玻璃式調查、重要人物訪談、網路資料收集，並以自編社區評估問卷及老人憂鬱量表，以方便取樣收集90份有效問卷。研究結果：受訪者平均年齡72.38（±5.22）歲，女性佔62%，79%獨居長者有罹患慢性疾病，38％對防疫資源不了解，疫情期間不敢就醫，也不知如何視訊看診，而有延遲拿藥或服藥中斷的情形。老人憂鬱量表評分結果有8.9%獨居長者有輕微憂鬱，4.4%須轉介諮商。58%的獨居長者表示因為害怕染疫而減少戶外休閒娛樂，也因為疫情許多國小及國中的操場、運動場，都不開放給外人進入，加上公共游泳池也因為疫情封館，所以長者們減少了很多紓壓的空間及戶外活動的場所，嚴重甚至會影響獨居長者們生理及心理的健康。預期貢獻：透過本研究，了解後疫情時代獨居長者的健康及休閒娛樂的現況及其影響，以作為未來服務方向調整之重要參考。社區獨居長者在社會上相對弱勢，建議未來可提供多元化的選擇，確保活動的可持續性，營造一個支持和鼓勵長者參與休閒活動的環境。
並列摘要
Background and Objectives: Taiwan has entered an aging society, and the family structure has also changed, leading to the gradual emergence of the problem of elderly living alone. During the pandemic, "preventing the spread of the virus" became the primary task of various medical service systems, and home visits to elderly living alone were suspended, relying only on phone calls and care. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health status and leisure activities of elderly living alone in the community Methods: A purposive sampling method was used to select an administrative district in Taipei City for investigation. The community-as-partner model was used, including windshield surveys, interviews with key informants, online data collection, and community assessment questionnaires and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) to collect 90 valid questionnaires. Results: 79% of elderly living alone have chronic diseases, 38% do not understand pandemic prevention resources, and during the pandemic, they dare not seek medical treatment and do not know how to have online consultations, resulting in delayed medication or medication interruption. The results of the GDS showed that 8.9% of elderly living alone had mild depression, and 4.4% needed referral for counseling. 58% of elderly living alone reported that they reduced outdoor recreational activities because of the fear of infection, and because many elementary and junior high school playgrounds and sports fields were not open to outsiders due to the pandemic, and public swimming pools were also closed, elderly individuals reduced many spaces for stress relief and outdoor activities, which could seriously affect their physical and mental health. Conclusions: Through this research, we can understand the current situation and impact of the health and leisure activities of elderly living alone in the post-pandemic era, which will be an important reference for future service direction adjustments. Elderly individuals living alone are relatively disadvantaged in society, and it is recommended to provide diverse options in the future to ensure the sustainability of activities and create an environment that supports and encourages the participation of the elderly in leisure activities.