- 期刊
試論中土分身佛瑞像之緣起與其演變歷史
A Preliminary Examination on the Origin and Evolutionary History of Middle - Earth Auspicious Image of Buddha with Divided Body
摘要
西元1909年俄國探險隊，在內蒙古之西陲，黑水城遺址探勘，挖掘出甚多的十二、三世紀時之西夏遺物，其中有數幅的阿彌陀佛畫像、及一尊雙頭彩繪之夾紵佛像，一時震驚全世界。其中這尊「雙頭佛」，最為珍稀、舉世無雙、絕無僅有，之後在敦煌石窟亦發現了數幅類似之壁畫、以及在巴中石窟群中也發現了此「雙頭佛」之石雕佛龕。這些「雙頭佛像」據玄奘之《大唐西域記》中有記載，學界稱之為「分身佛瑞像」或簡稱為「分身瑞像」。一直以來，學界均與其他之「瑞像」同等視之，並無特別之研究、探討，本文特別提出來，從造像之演化及信仰之層面，加以探討，並提出此應為西夏人在當時之特殊信仰的論點，祈請學界先進與予指教。
並列摘要
In 1909, a Russian expedition team explored the Heicheng Historic Site in western Inner Mongolia, and amongst the many 12^(th) and 13th-century relics from the Western Xia dynasty unearthed were several Amitābha Buddha portraits and a ramee-lacquer double-headed Buddha, which attracted great international attention at the time. This double-headed Buddha was the rarest, one-of-a-find discovery amongst the lot, and similar murals were later found at the Dunhuang Grottoes, and a stone-carved niche of a double-headed Buddha was also discovered at the Bazhong Grottoes. Double-headed Buddha is documented in The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions by Xuanzang, and it is referred to in the academic world as "auspicious image of Buddha with divided body" or "auspicious image with divided body". Academics have always considered it in the same way as other "auspicious images", with no specific research or analysis done on the particular type of image. This paper intends to focus on the iconography's evolution and its religious-related factors and proposes an argument that it is related to the unique belief practiced in the Western Xia dynasty.