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摘要


急性腎損傷(acute kidney injury, AKI)是肝硬化的常見併發症,也和臨床和預後有極大的相關性。肝硬化患者,尤其是失償期(decompensated)肝硬化患者比代償期(compensated)肝硬化的患者更容易發生急性腎損傷。在肝腎症候群類別的急性腎損傷(hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury HRS-AKI)中,腎前性腎病(prerenal cause)和急性腎小管壞死(acute tubular necrosis, ATN)是慢性肝病患者急性腎損傷的兩個最常見原因。因為治療方式不同,區分這兩個原因是必須的。腎前性急性腎損傷是一種更良性的疾病,對血漿容積增加(plasma volume expansion)反應良好,而急性腎小管壞死需要更具體的腎臟支持,且與顯著的死亡率有關。最近,在臨床定義上有了新的進展,更多的研究發表了目前最佳的治療及照護方式。本篇文獻綜述整理了當前肝腎症候群-急性腎衰竭以及其他非肝腎症候群-急性腎衰竭的診斷標準、病理生理學和治療方式,以便可以早期確立HRS-AKI的診斷和適當的治療。

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