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新加坡國家博物館展示中的女性意象
Female Images in the Exhibition of the National Museum of Singapore
摘要
近年來新加坡在聯合國各類性別平權指標中，經常位居亞洲首位。在文化政策上，亦建立起一套配合國家治理的性別論述。博物館是國家運用歷史記憶與文化資產，再現性別的機制之一。新加坡國家博物館再現了什麼女性形象？而這些女性形象在「新加坡故事」中又扮演怎樣的角色與功能？本文以新加坡國家博物館2006年更新的歷史展廳「新加坡故事」為研究個案，運用展示分析方法，分析博物館展示所呈現的女性意象與角色，探討新加坡國家博物館如何回應當代對性別平權的要求，又巧妙扣緊國家認同意識。研究發現其在展示內容上，雖提高女性在博物館中的可見度，展示各社會階層的女性，顛覆過往博物館女性於展示中缺席或居家化的現象，但視線仍多聚焦在女性外在裝扮，且女性被置放在個人史蹟故事的範疇，展示空間私密感較強。再者，展示中的女性形象，多認可國家進步發展，呼應官方強調的家庭價值、勤勉精神與國家精神。最後，本文企圖從博物館研究的觀點，反思新加坡國家博物館中女性展示的意涵，探究博物館再現女性的限制與潛能。
並列摘要
According to the Gender Inequality Index (GII) by United Nations Development Program, Singapore often rank first in Asia since 2010, while the country has also established a set of gender discourse in its governance and cultural policy. The museum, being a cultural institution, is one of the mechanisms that represent gender of a nation using historical memories and cultural heritages. What female images does the National Museum of Singapore (NMS) represent? What roles do those female images play in the ＂Story of Singapore＂? This research takes the ＂Story of Singapore＂ gallery of the NMS as its case study, and aims to discern what female images are exhibited and how NMS responds to contemporary gender equality claims, while adhering to the Singaporean identity. It is discovered that the ＂Story of Singapore＂ represents female stories from different social class and walks of life, overturning the tradition that women are either invisible or situated at home. However, women are still displayed on the Personal Path, which demonstrates a strong sense of privacy and focus on clothing. Moreover, most female images in the exhibition have shown support for family and national values, which emphasize on diligence and national spirit by the Singapore government. The conclusion will perceive the limits and potentials of representing female in museums, through reflecting the exhibited female images of NMS and its implications.