- 期刊
賽達松標準品與50%乳劑對斑馬魚幼魚及胚胎之急毒性比較
Acute Toxicity of Standard Phenthoate and 50% Emulsion on Juvenile and Embryotic Zebrafish
摘要
賽達松（phenthoate）是一種抑制乙醯膽鹼酯酶（Acetylcholinesterase）之殺蟲劑。它主要防治水稻二化螟蟲（Chilo suppressalis Walker），為水稻耕作高使用率與高使用量之農藥。本研究以賽達松標準品與50%乳劑分別對斑馬魚幼魚與胚胎急毒性進行比較，在斑馬魚急毒性試驗，賽達松標準品配製濃度為溶劑對照組（丙酮）、0.907、1.353、2.020、3.015與4.5 mg/L，及50%乳劑配製濃度為空白對照組（養殖水）、0.625、1.25、2.5、5、10 mg/L，連續對幼魚暴露96小時之半數致死濃度（LC_(50)），結果賽達松標準品為3.016 mg/L（水樣分析濃度2.706 mg a.i./L），50%乳劑為2.95 mg/L（水樣分析濃度1.41 mg a.i./L）。另在斑馬魚胚胎急毒性試驗，標準品配製濃度為空白對照組（養殖水）、溶劑對照組（丙酮）、1.897、2.875、4.356、6.6與10mg/L及正對照組（氯化鈉，4.5g/L），及50%乳劑配製濃度為空白對照組（養殖水）、1、2、4、8與16mg/L及正對照組（氯化鈉，5.0g/L），連續對斑馬魚胚胎暴露96小時之半數致死濃度（LC_(50)）結果，賽達松標準品為3.827 mg/L（水樣分析濃度4.250mg a.i./L），50%乳劑為8.615 mg/L（水樣分析濃度3.670 mg a.i./L），並可見胚胎具明顯的延遲孵化、魚體不筆直、心囊與卵黃囊浮腫、無心跳、出血、魚體短小及活動力不佳等形態改變。由以上4種試驗結果LC_(50)數值其危害等級分類皆為中等毒性（1-10 mg/L），具有相似性的毒性敏感度，此研究可提供國內針對水生毒性之數據參考。
並列摘要
Phenthoate is a type of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and insecticide frequently used to prevent Chilo suppressalis (Walker) infections in rice. In this study, the acute toxicity of standard phenthoate and a 50% emulsion product was assessed in juvenile and embryotic zebrafish. For acute toxicity tests (zebrafish exposure time: 96 hours), the concentrations of standard products across different treatment groups were 0.907, 1.353, 2.020, 3.015, and 4.5 mg/L (acetone was used as a solvent control), and the concentrations of 50% emulsion products were 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L (aquaculture water was used as a blank control). Lethal concentration (LC_(50)) values for the standard and 50% emulsion products were found to be 3.016 mg/L (2.706 mg a.i./L) and 2.95 mg/L (1.41 mg a.i./L), respectively. For acute toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos, the concentrations of standard product in different treatment groups were 1.897, 2.875, 4.356, 6.6, and 10 mg/L, in which aquaculture water was used as a blank control, acetone was used as a solvent control, and sodium chloride (4.5 g/L) was used as a positive control. The concentrations of 50% emulsion products in different treatment groups were 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/L, in which aquaculture water and sodium chloride (5.0 g/L) were used as blank and positive controls, respectively. After exposure for 96 hours, LC_(50) values for the standard and 50% emulsion products were 3.827 mg/L (4.250 mg a.i./L) and 8.615 mg/L (3.670 mg a.i./L), respectively. Moreover, embryos showed obvious developmental defects and morphological changes, including delayed hatching, spinal curvature, pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, lack of heartbeat, hemorrhage, short body, and poor activity. In the four toxicity tests performed, hazard classifications associated with LC_(50) values were all moderately toxic (1-10 mg/L), indicating that standard phenthoate and the 50% emulsion product have similar toxicity levels. The findings from this study can serve as a reference in alternative assessments of aquatic toxicity tests in Taiwan.