- 期刊
國際田間殘留試驗準則介紹及其應用
Introduction and Application to International Crop Field Trial Guidelines
摘要
農藥的使用是作物生產必要之管理手段之一，依據良好農業規範（Good Agricultural Practices, GAPs）所建議的農藥使用方法，除了有效防治害物外，勢必也產生作物的農藥殘留。殘留試驗即是依良好農業規範施用農藥，並且在優良實驗室操作管理原則下，據此得到作物上具代表性且最高的農藥殘留量數據。經濟合作暨發展組織（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD）主要參考了美國、加拿大、歐盟、紐西蘭、澳洲等OECD國家之試驗指引，研訂了OECD 509號指引，成為執行殘留試驗重要的綜合參考依據。以代表性作物品種，在獨立試驗場次下，施用試驗物農藥，於田間配置適當之殘留消退試驗、標準殘留試驗或逆向殘留消退試驗的採樣規劃，建立農藥在作物殘留消退曲線之數據或預定採收期之最大殘留量，做為訂定安全採收期或殘留容許量之依據。指引並說明農藥劑型差異在殘留表現的可比性、各國試驗場次規定、作物分群等各方面的科學性原則。本文以OECD 509號指引之架構，除著重試驗規劃原則，以利未來國內殘留試驗單位執行試驗及規劃，亦盡可能建立殘留試驗在科學上的輪廓，供作為法規修訂參考依據。
並列摘要
The use of pesticides is a necessity in the management of crop production. Although pesticides effectively prevent and control pests, pesticide residues remaining in crops are inevitable consequences, even with adherence to good agricultural practices. To obtain representative and maximum residue data on crops, field trials involving the application of pesticides in accordance with good agricultural practices and under the management principles of good laboratory practice are performed. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has developed the OECD Test Guideline No. 509 by referring to the testing guidelines of OECD countries or regions, including the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the European Union. These guidelines have become a critical and comprehensive reference for conducting residue testing, which involves using representative crop varieties and applying test pesticides in independent test sites as well as planning appropriate sampling for residue dissipation trials, standard residue trials, and reverse decline trials in the field. These tests have helped to establish data and guidelines for pesticide residue dissipation curves and maximum residual limits at the time prior to harvest while also serving as a basis for determining safe and permissible residue levels during cultivation. In addition, the trial guidelines address factors such as the comparability of residue outcomes across different pesticide formulations, variations in testing regulations among countries, and the scientific principles regarding crop grouping. Based on the OECD Test Guideline No. 509, this article focused on planning principles to facilitate and conduct domestic residue tests as well as established a thorough scientific outline of residue trials to serve as a reference for regulatory revisions.