重返歷史、人權與記憶－臺灣烏腳病醫療紀念館的新未來

Return to History, Human Rights and Memory: The Future of the Taiwan Blackfoot Disease Socio-Medical Service Memorial House

陳雪雲(Sheue-Yun Chen) ； 吳慎慎(Shen-Shen Wu) ； 陳仲彥(Chung-Yen Chen) ； 郭文耀(Wen-Yao Kuo)

《博物館學季刊》 27卷2期 (2013/04) Pp. 31-53

https://doi.org/10.6686/MuseQ.201304_27(2).0002

摘要

本文援引過去政治學，以臺灣烏腳病醫療紀念館為個案，試圖探索它的展示和封存的歷史記憶，期作為未來規劃涵化民眾追求公平正義知能之素材。採多元方法設計進行實徵性研究，包括觀察、訪談和文件分析。本文分三大部分，首先，論述紀念場域與紀念博物館在全球移動情境中，對當前世界公民權利倡議及世界公民記憶與良知喚醒的重要性；以及負面歷史史觀和展示策略，與其對概念認知和記憶體現的助益。其次，實徵性資料顯示臺灣烏腳病醫療紀念館的復原與展示採自然寫實主義，以物件導向（含少數截肢標本），輔以照片文本說明，訴諸視覺效果。最後，建議揭示烏腳病醫療潛藏之歷史光明面，如專業人員的愛與奉獻，以及疾病所帶來的社會排除等黑暗面，方能釐清它們與公民權利、人文與醫學教育的關聯性；同時，建議適度揭示封閉空間，如病房，方便觀眾自行設計想像昔日生活的遺跡，體驗病人的苦痛和死亡，勇敢面對未來。

關鍵字

醫療展示 ； 身體記憶 ； 人權與良知 ； 烏腳病的隱喻 ； 臺灣烏腳病醫療紀念館

並列摘要

From the perspective of the politics of the past, the purpose of this study is to explore the history and historical memory of the Taiwan Blackfoot Disease Socio-Medical Service Memorial House, which opened in Beimen, Tainan in 2007, to nurture a vision for this museum as a place where the public searches for fairness and justice. A multi-method design including interviews, observation and documentary analysis was carried out from March to November 2012. This article is structured into three sections. Firstly, we give a brief overview of historical sites in general and memorial museums in particular in a global context in which ＂displacement＂ is critical, as well as explain their importance to the advocacy of rights and collective memory and conscience. Secondly, from exhibition reviews, displays of tragedies and disasters result in tension between historical narrative and memory. In practice, the restoration of the Taiwan Blackfoot Disease Socio-Medical Service Memorial House was based on the notion of natural-realism. This museum houses medical materials including amputated limbs, as well as photographs and textual panels. As the medical practices carried out here are shown in a positive light, this museum and its exhibits do not powerfully provoke the politics of the past including the right to medical care and other relevant rights. Finally, we suggest bringing one of the wards back to life, even if left empty, to allow visitors a better understanding of the suffering of the patients during the period of Blackfoot disease in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

medical display ； body memory ； human right and conscience ； metaphors of Blackfoot disease ； Taiwan Blackfoot Disease Socio-Medical Service Memorial House

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