回憶的香氣與旋律－新北市十三行博物館失智症教育活動之行動研究

近年來，有越來越多博物館從業人員認為，應善用博物館的豐富資源關懷高齡者，拓展博物館的社會角色，並開發博物館促進身心健康的潛能。面對日益成長的失智症人口，博物館應如何透過教育活動規劃，以促進失智症長者之身心健康？懷舊物件、食物與老歌，又如何促進高齡觀眾透過多元感官來社交互動與回憶？本研究與新北市立十三行博物館合作進行行動研究，邀請失智症患者及其照護者參訪博物館，透過5場活動之參與觀察與問卷調查，並藉由規劃、反思與修正博物館所舉辦的失智症患者參訪活動，提出博物館籌劃相關活動須注意的事項，並分析參與者懷舊互動以及聆聽老歌與戲曲所引發之回憶與互動。研究發現在懷舊互動上，如善用多元感官並提供適當的引導物，如古早味零食、童玩與戲服試穿體驗，能引發參與者的回憶與互動；而在做餅乾工作坊中播放老歌，更讓回憶充滿香氣與旋律，甚至帶來青春與幸福的感受；但也要注意播放的老歌，年代要符合參與者年輕時流行的歌曲，才能引起最大的共鳴。問卷調查顯示，失智症長者偏好充滿嗅覺、味覺與聽覺的咖啡試喝及手做餅乾聽老歌活動，而照護者則更喜愛需要創意與技藝的手做活動。然而，值得注意的是參與者的回憶多屬於敘事型回憶，有些屬於負面經驗；或許未來增加懷舊互動時間與技巧，能成功引導參與者進行統整型回憶。最後，博物館展示導覽仍是參與者最喜好的內容，但也要留意失智症患者不易吸收新知，內容要簡易並以失智症患者為主體，加強與他們的互動並尊重多元文化與性別，將更能豐富整體的參觀經驗並增進回憶與幸福感受。

關鍵字

博物館與失智症患者；懷舊互動；聆聽老歌；多元感官與高齡觀眾

並列摘要

In recent years, more and more museum professionals have come to believe it is necessary to apply museum resources to programs for the elderly to expand museums' social roles and therapeutic potential. How can museums develop educational programs to enhance the wellbeing of those living with dementia? How do nostalgic songs and objects facilitate learning and recollection in older adults? To answer these questions, the authors collaborated with the Shihsanhang Museum of Archaeology in Taiwan to carry out action research. Those living with dementia and their caregivers were invited to the museum to participate in reminiscence workshops. From participant observation and survey questionnaires during 5 visits, museum practices in organizing, assessing and revising programs for those living with dementia were explored and participant experiences of listening to old songs, tasting foods, and smelling and handling objects were analyzed. The results revealed that stimuli such as foods, toys and traditional Taiwanese opera costumes can encourage interaction and reminiscence. Playing old songs during cookie workshops stimulated memories via aromas and melodies, inspiring feelings of youthfulness and happiness. If the songs were popular during participants' youth, they evoked maximum resonance. From the questionnaires, those living with dementia preferred reminiscence sessions and workshops with aromas and old songs while their caregivers preferred DIY workshops that require more creativity and skill. It is worth noting that the memories of participants were narrative in nature, and some were negative. Increases in time and skills of reminiscence may help to better achieve integrative reminiscence. Guided tours were the favorite part of the visit. However, content should be simplified and developed specifically for those living with dementia, respecting their multicultural backgrounds and gender, with increased opportunities for interaction to make the museum experience more enjoyable.