眷村做為文化遺址場域－回溯水交社集體記憶與離散歷史

自1940年代後期國共內戰的局勢使國民政府退守臺灣，大批的軍民也跟著遷移至此，成為中國近代歷史上因內戰而引發最大的人口遷移，更在全臺各地建立八百多個眷村，安置遷移來臺的軍民，以利於國民政府的反攻大陸計畫。眷村的居民身份為軍人及其家眷，來自中國各地，因為戰爭而居住臺灣，保有各種不同省籍的語言與生活習慣，眷村成了位於臺灣各地特殊的城鄉聚落，其中的生活方式、歷史記憶與族群融合，也構築了經歷國共內戰、冷戰時期世代的集體記憶以及離散的經驗與歷史。由於冷戰的結束與時代的變遷，臺灣與中國的關係也進入新的局面；如今許多臺灣的眷村在政策、都市更新計畫的實施下，面臨被拆除的命運，許多眷戶被迫遷移，昔日的榮景不再。然而，眷村做為世代交替的重要記憶與歷史空間，讓眷村文化的保存刻不容緩，有鑑於此，全臺灣目前有許多眷村被有計畫的保留，例如成為社區博物館或文化園區、展演空間等用途。本文將以臺南水交社眷村文化園區的展演館所呈現的展覽「眷戀煙花燦爛的歲月」為例，探討在眷村文化保留的趨勢下，許多藝術、建築、文化工作者等專業人士的跨領域合作，及社區民眾的參與、對話，使眷村空間成為藝術家進駐點、博物館與文化園區的過程，以及眷村做為文化遺址的場域，藝術介入、展演的呈現以及具有對話性和教育性的工作坊，帶領民眾瞭解這個世代的集體記憶與離散的歷史的重要歷程。

關鍵字

水交社眷村策展計畫；文化遺址場域；集體記憶；藝術介入

並列摘要

In the late 1940s, at the end of the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang (KMT) Nationalist Party and the Communist Party, General Chiang Kai-shek's army and followers moved to Taiwan. The original plan was for a temporary stay while they prepared to retake the mainland. This represented the largest human migration of the 20^(th) century and resulted in the building of more than 800 military dependents' villages throughout Taiwan. Residents of these villages came from provinces across China. They continued to speak their dialects and preserve their customs. As such, these villages became unique cultural sites that contributed to the preservation of many types of memories, such as of the Chinese Civil War, the Cold War period, and the diaspora experience. In the 1990s, some of these villages began to be torn down, as residents were relocated and the government implemented new policies and urban planning. However, these are important historical sites that should not be so easily erased. Currently, some military dependents' villages are being preserved through designated planning policies, often in the form of community museums or cultural parks. In this paper, Shuijiaoshe Village in Tainan City serves as a case study to reflect on how some military dependents' villages have become heritage sites and exhibition spaces. Artistic intervention and interdisciplinary collaborations by artists, designers, architects, and other professionals, as well as community members, have contributed to transforming these villages into spaces for artist-in-residence schemes, museums, and cultural parks. These efforts have led to more awareness and better understanding of the collective memories and diaspora experience of those who lived in military dependents' villages.