「為什麼他們不想成為師傅？」－大木作修復工匠養成及其職場軌跡

根據文化部文化資產局2023年統計，65歲以下具傳統匠師資格且實際從事建築遺產修復的匠師有299人，而平均每年傳統匠師需求量是1,380人，供給與需求間呈現巨大的落差。然而，不只是工匠數量不足，古蹟歷史建築修復的品質，長期以來一直為審查委員乃至民間文資愛好者所詬病。為解決上述問題，政府從2000年以降，每年都會編列預算，主辦不同類型的建築遺產修復培訓課程，但是這些努力似乎並沒有明顯地反映在就業市場上。針對上述的議題，相關的研究論文仍然相當稀缺；由政府所發包的研究計畫，多著重於未來政策與執行策略的規劃，但是缺乏對受培訓者事後的追蹤調查。本研究以文化建設委員會（現為文化部）2006-2009年兩期4年的建築大木作修復基礎與傳習課程為研究對象，採用質化回溯研究的方法，追蹤研究當時參與課程學員的職業軌跡。本研究發現，學員對課程安排、類師徒的教學法給予很高的評價，這也解釋了學員的回流率很高。但是最終進入大木工匠職場的學員卻是鳳毛麟角。本研究認為，大多數課程學員並不願意成為身體勞動者在工地現場修古蹟，部分學員繼續其原來的職業，部分人更願意成為姿態優雅的工藝師。

關鍵字

古蹟；歷史建築；修復工匠；大木作；勞動身體

並列摘要

According to 2023 statistics from the Ministry of Culture's Bureau of Cultural Heritage, there are 299 craftspersons under the age of 65 with traditional artisan qualifications who are actively engaged in the restoration of architectural heritage. However, the average annual demand for such persons is 1380, indicating a significant gap between supply and demand. This shortage in the quantity of craftspersons also affects the quality of restoration work on historical monuments and heritage buildings, a longstanding concern raised by review committees and cultural heritage enthusiasts. In addressing these issues, the government has allocated funds annually since 2000 to organize various types of training programs for the restoration of architectural heritage. However, these efforts have not led to significant improvements. Moreover, there are relatively few research studies that address the above-mentioned issues. Government-sponsored research projects have tended to focus on policy planning and implementation strategies and lack sufficient follow-up investigations on the outcomes of training programs. This study focuses on the two phases of the four-year Basic Course of Timber Building Restoration and Apprenticeship Program conducted by the Council for Cultural Affairs (now the Ministry of Culture) from 2006 to 2009. Using a qualitative retrospective research approach, the occupational trajectories of program participants were traced. The results revealed that participants highly value the course arrangements and apprenticeship-style teaching methods, resulting in a high rate of participant retention. However, the number of participants who ultimately entered the field as carpenters was quite limited. This indicates that most participants are unwilling to become physical laborers on heritage restoration construction sites. Instead, they choose to continue in their original professions or to become skilled artisans, as the work of skilled artisans is considered more sophisticated than that of traditional craftspersons.