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移民與國家敘事之重構與反思—美國艾利斯島國立移民博物館展示評論
Reframing and Reflecting on Immigration and National Narratives: An Exhibition Review of the Ellis Island National Museum of Immigration
摘要
近年來，有越來越多的國家透過移民博物館的成立，反思與重構國家與國族的組成。其中，以來自世界各地移民為主要人口所組成的遷佔者國家，其移民歷史敘事與國家建構過程緊密連結，相關展覽除了定位與詮釋國族組成之多元文化內涵，同時也經常透過當代議題的討論，企圖挑戰長期存在的種族歧視議題。本文以美國紐約艾利斯島國立移民博物館為個案，探討2015年常設展更新後的展示策略與內涵，分析博物館如何拓展展示的歷史軸線以涵蓋整體美國移民史，並應用不同的展示手法，如歷史建築的保存、場景的復原、傳統文物的陳列及社會史的呈現，搭配精彩生動的語音導覽與口述史，以及深入淺出的兒童展版與提問，除了讓觀眾認識不同的族群如何先後來到美國，體會祖先面臨的共同遭遇與處境，進而反思國族不斷變動的框架；也透過各種社會議題的呈現與討論，如種族歧視、童工及非法移民等議題，引導觀眾正視建國過程中的各種暴力，並反思相關的社會議題。
並列摘要
In recent years, an increasing number of nations and states that have undergone reconstruction of their population composition through immigration are reflecting on this through the establishment of immigration museums. Specifically, emerging settler states, with histories as former colonies and populations primarily composed of immigrants, have found that narratives of immigration history are closely intertwined with the process of nation-building. Such museums not only position and interpret the multicultural composition of a nation or state, but also encourage discussions on contemporary issues to challenge long-standing racial discrimination. In this paper, the Ellis Island National Museum of Immigration in New York served as a case study. Delving into its exhibition strategies and the content of its permanent exhibitions, which were updated in 2015, how this museum expands the historical timeline to holistically encompass US immigration history is analyzed. With various exhibition techniques, such as the preservation of historic buildings, restoration of scenes, displays of traditional artifacts, and presentation of social history, combined with vivid audio guides and oral histories, as well as comprehensible children's exhibition panels and interactive queries, this museum not only informs visitors about how various ethnic groups arrived in the US, but also allows them to empathize with the shared experiences of and situations faced by their ancestors. This fosters reflection on the ever-evolving framework of the nation. Additionally, by presenting and discussing various social issues, such as racial discrimination, child labor, and illegal immigration, this museum prompts visitors to confront the various forms of violence that have occurred during the nation-building process and contemplate related social issues.