從「陰陽五行」到鄒衍「五德終始」思想的形成－一個觀念史的解釋

The formation of conception from ＂Yi Yang Wu Shing＂（陰陽五行） to Tsou Yen's （鄒衍）＂circulation of Wu Te＂（五德終始）-The explanation from History of Ideas

劉滌凡(Liu Di-Fan)

《全人教育集刊》 1期 (2014/10) Pp. 1-23

https://doi.org/10.6689/BHE.2014.1.6

摘要

「五德終始」從「陰陽五行」衍繹而來，是一種混合自然性和神格性的思想產物。蓋戰國時代，國家傾覆頻繁，以西周傳統「天命有德」來論政權興廢，是無法解釋那些有德之君亡國的事實，所以鄒衍用一套五行相剋機械式的循環原理來重新詮釋天命，重建政治上天人關係。筆者所要關切的是：鄒衍是如何將古代占星家觀察自然現象的知識，重新建構成一套比附政權興廢的新學說。從觀念史的角度來看：任何一套新的哲學思想形成應前有所承，絕非憑空跳出，筆者將從此角度來分析鄒衍「五德終始」觀念的形成及其理論的建構。

關鍵字

陰陽五行 ； 天命觀 ； 五德終始說 ； 鄒衍 ； 觀念史

並列摘要

＂Circulation of Wu Te＂（五德終始）comes from ＂Yi Yang Wu Shing＂. （陰陽 五行） This thought is a combination of nature and apotheosis. The frequency of regime’s transfer is very high in the period of ＂Chan Ke＂.（戰國）The fact that the regimes of moral rulers changed quickly couldn’t be explained by using West-Chou dynasty'（s 西周） the traditional theory of ＂Tien Ming Yu Te ＂.（天命有德）Therefore, Tsou Yen(鄒衍) produced ＂Wu Shing＂grams. a theory of mechanical circulation to describe ＂Tien Ming＂ （天命）and rebuilt the political relationship between human and divinity. What the author concerns is that how did Tsou Yen(鄒衍) create a new theory about rise and fall of a regime from the knowledge which ancient astrologer observed natural phenomena. From the point of the History of Thought, any new theory must evolve from old ones not just jump up from nothing. The author will analyze the formation of Tsou Yen's(鄒衍) ＂Circulation of Wu Te＂（五德終始）from the angle of History of Ideas. And Construct his theory.

並列關鍵字

Yi Yang Wu Shing ； concept of Tien Ming ； circulation of Wu Te ； Tsou Yen's(鄒衍) ； History of Ideas