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戚繼光的軍事努力與創新
Military efforts and innovation of Qi Jiguang
摘要
戚繼光為明代著名的軍事將領，其軍事上之建樹、軍事思想等，都對當時與後世發生相當深遠之影響。基本上，戚繼光在軍事上之許多創新作為，如招募士兵、訓練士兵、指揮調度，乃至修築防禦工事等，幾乎涵蓋傳統軍事制度研究的諸多課題。而戚繼光募集組成之「戚家軍」，某種意涵上變相代表明初賴以維生之衛所制度的崩落瓦解。本文主要嘗試從戚繼光的生平、戚繼光軍事思想之革新、戚繼光軍事制度之革新，及戚繼光軍事改革的影響等面向來剖析，希望不同於傳統以明代單一軍事主題為研究標的者。基本上，對於戚繼光的軍事改革，乃至於其在明代軍事史，乃至明代歷史中的地位，正如《明史‧戚繼光傳》所言：「繼光更歷南北，並著聲。在南方戰功特盛，北則專主守。所著《紀效新書》、《練兵紀實》，談兵者遵用焉。」事實上，戚氏對明代軍事組織制度，乃至軍事思想之革新，顛覆明帝國從洪武以來仰賴衛所軍隊之防衛思想，其作為間接也使明帝國之國脈，不致因南方的倭寇與北方的俺答等外患侵擾而提早傾覆。藉由本文，可以略窺戚繼光在明代軍事史與軍事制度史中，所扮演之改革與創新者之角色。
並列摘要
Qi Jiguang is the famous military general of the Ming Dynasty, its achievements in the military, military thinking and so on, and then later on in a far-reaching impact. Basically, And as we knew that the Qi Jiguang's military achievements of the many innovations, such as the recruitment of soldiers, training soldiers, the command scheduling, as well as the construction of fortifications, the military system covering almost the many research topics. Qi Jiguang raised by the composition of the ＂ Qi Jun Jia ＂, in certain meaning, which is the symbolic beginning of the Ming Dynasty of-living by the wei-so system, and later has been gradually collapse of the road. In this study, ＂Qi Jiguang's military reform＂ as the theme, the scope including of the leading institutions across the military, arms, military service, preparation, equipment, the salaries of officers and soldiers, the officers and men of training and assessment, obviously with the tradition of the Ming Dynasty to the single theme for the military to study different subject. In fact, Qi Jiguang of the Ming Dynasty military organization system, and even the military ideological innovation, the subversion from the HongwuEmpire, has been relied on by the military as a whole-strategic thinking. With this research project, we can not only a thorough understanding of Qi Jiguang and in the Ming Dynasty military history in the history of a military system reform and innovation to the role better results with previous studies, for the military as Qi Jiguang, do a comprehensive and complete exposition. So, not only rich in the history of the Ming Dynasty political system, the system of military research, but also related to the military thinking of Qi Jiguang, strategic, tactical, and so on, as today the national army to the entire army, the army of reference.