從韋伯的清教詮釋到風險社會－以焦慮為中心的考察

Form Weber's Interpretation of Puritanism to Risk Society: Centering on Anxiety

邵鐵峰(SHAO Tiefeng)

《道風：基督教文化評論》 54期 (2021/01) Pp. 383-407

摘要

本文旨在以焦慮問題為中心考察韋伯的清教詮釋與風險社會議題之間的關聯。韋伯認為，清教徒對救贖之不確定性的焦慮孕生了對救贖之確定性的追求。寫了給「主觀」的救贖確證提供可靠的基礎，信仰必須用勞動的「客觀」作用來證明，這推動着作為勞動者的人對世界秩序與自我秩序進行理性建構。現代人對確定性的重建最終吊詭地製造了風險社會中的不可控制的不確定性，這又使得人不得不面臨新的焦慮。

關鍵字

韋伯 ； 風險社會 ； 焦慮 ； 勞動者 ； 不確定性

並列摘要

With a focus on the question of anxiety, this article aims to investigate the connection between Weber's interpretation of Puritanism, and the modern theme of risk society. Weber shows that because of the religious anxiety of the uncertainty of salvation, Calvinists thus pursued the conviction of it. For Calvinists, to provide a firm foundation for the subjective certainty of salvation, faith had to be proved by objective efforts of labor. They had no other way to relieve that anxiety than as laborers rationally constructing the world and the self. The modern reconstruction of certainty contributed to the emergence of risk society which has paradoxically been producing new uncertainties which are nearly impossible to control. Along with these uncertainties, we must also confront new anxieties.

並列關鍵字

Max Weber ； Risk society ； Anxiety ； Laborer ； Uncertainty