《靈樞．九宮八風》「占」與「風」之內涵及意義探析

《靈樞．九宮八風》是《黃帝內經》九宮八風時空醫學理論的核心篇章，歷代學者對其中關於「占」與「風」的內容眾說紛紜，多有誤解。本研究結合天文學、地理學、氣象學、中醫學、考古學及古文學等多學科知識，對《靈樞．九宮八風》相關原文及《靈樞．歲露論》的一個範例進行解讀分析。從科學的角度，說明「實風」是風向與風速皆正常對應於節氣之風；「病風」是風力等級8級或以上，破壞力強大之異常氣象，具有災害性；「虛風」是風向極端異常，來自於節氣所應方位之相反方向的風，在不同節氣，會對人體某些臟象功能造成較明顯的負面影響，對農作物亦有傷害。「占」的含義為「預測」「預知」；「貴踐」指糧食等農作物價格的高低，及病風對人民生活和健康水平的影響。總體來說，「五宮占」與「風占」內涵一致，只是「占」的出發點不同，皆包括「五宮病風占」（占貴賤）、「五宮實風占」（占為吉）和「五宮虛風占」（占易傷之对冲臟象）。《靈樞．九宮八風》中這些系統、全面而科學的論述皆屬於醫療氣象學和疾病預測預防學的範疇，是古人對自然規律做出的科學探索和經驗總結，為現代九宮八風時空醫學理論的醫療氣象運用打下了良好的基礎。

關鍵字

九宮八風；五宮占；風占；虛風；病風；醫療氣象學

並列摘要

Lingshu-Nine Palaces and Eight Winds is the core chapter of the Nine Palaces and Eight Winds Spatio-temporal Medical Theory of Huangdi Neijing. For centuries Add a "," scholars held different interpretations on the content of "Zhan (占)" and "Winds (風)" in this chapter which may inadvertently cause misunderstandings. Drawing multidisciplinary knowledge and insights from astronomy, geography, meteorology, traditional Chinese medicine, archaeology, and ancient literature, this study aims to interpret and analyze the original text of Lingshu-Nine Palaces and Eight Winds and an example of Lingshu-Suilu Lun. Anchoring to the scientific point of view, it clarifies that the "Timely-Winds (實風)" are normal in speed with directions corresponding to the solar terms of the Traditional Chinese Calendar; "Ill-Winds(病風)" represent destructive forces of gales or storms; "Weakening-Winds(虛風)" originate from the opposite directions of the solar terms. At different times of the year, different human inner organs may be affected and weakened when predisposed to the "Weakening-Winds". In addition, crops may also be vulnerable to the "Weakening-Winds". In essence, "Zhan" means "to predict" or "make prediction". "Guijian (貴賤)" refers to the price of grain and other crops, and the impact of "Ill-Winds" on people's living conditions and health. Overall, the content of "Zhan of the Five Palaces (五宮占)" and " Zhan of the Winds (風占)" are fairly similar in content. With emphasis on different aspects, both are used to predict impacts of abnormal meteorological phenomenon. They both include "Ill-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces (五宮病風占)" (to predict Guijian), "Timely-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces (五宮實風占)" (representing good luck and fortune) and "Weakening-Wind Prediction of the Five Palaces (五宮虛風占)" (to predict which human inner organ is weakened). They represent the early stage of Chinese medical meteorology with capabilities in both disease prediction and prevention. Documented by the ancients through their systematic and comprehensive observations and explorations of nature, Lingshu-Nine Places and Eight Winds can shed light to the current medical meteorological applications of the Nine Palaces and Eight Winds Spatio-temporal Medical Theory of Huangdi Neijing.