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南蠻人與荒唐船:1544年葡萄牙人的朝鮮漂流記

The 'Southern Barbarians' and the 'Anomalous Chinese Ship': Korea's First Encounter with the Portuguese in 1544

摘要


如眾所周知,葡萄牙人在1513年來到廣東,1542年到琉球,1543年到達日本。相對而言,就此前的研究成果,歐洲人初抵朝鮮王朝,較琉球和日本來得晚,約在1570年代末期。但根據《朝鮮王朝實錄》的記載,在30年前的1544年(嘉靖23年,中宗39年),參與雙嶼和日本結盟貿易的葡萄牙人,可能漂流到朝鮮近海,留下一系列的記載。本論文將參照《朝鮮王朝實錄》這一系列的記載,以及各種相關史料,加以分析,試著說明「荒唐船」與「南蠻人」(在本文指葡萄牙人)的關聯性。

關鍵字

葡萄牙人 朝鮮 福建 日本 走私貿易 荒唐船 佛郎機炮

並列摘要


It is now widely accepted that the Portuguese first arrived in Guangdong in 1513, Ryukyu in 1543, and finally Japan in 1543. Previous research suggests that Europeans did not arrive in the Kingdom of Joseon (present-day Korea) until the late 1570s, sometime after their first visits to Ryukyu and Japan. However, a series of historical records in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) suggest that a delegation of Portuguese that landed at the port of Shuangyu (雙嶼) to form a trade alliance with Japan some thirty years earlier in 1544, might have drifted into Korean waters. This paper referes to and analyzes these records and other related historical materials in order to explain the connection between the so-called 'anomalous Chinese ship' (荒唐船) and the 'southern barbarians' (南蠻, i.e. the Portuguese), referred to in the records.

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