跨界者：略論臺灣佛教史關鍵人物曾景來

Boundary Crosser: A Brief Discussion of Zeng Jinglai 曾景來, Key Figure in the History of Buddhism in Taiwan

李世偉(Shyh-wei Li)

《華人宗教研究》 20期 (2022/07) Pp. 39-78

https://doi.org/10.6720/SCR.202207_(20).0002

摘要

曾景來是日據時代至戰後初期，臺灣少數受過現代高等佛教教育的重要人物，以其深厚的佛教學養、豐富的人生閱歷，加上善巧的處世應對，得以在臺灣佛教史上扮演一位「跨界者」的角色。本文所指涉的「跨界」有幾個面向：其一、時代與國族：中國－日本佛教，其二、宗教師身分：僧侶－俗家師，其三、信仰態度：正信－迷信，其四、活動運作：創新－守成。曾景來成為一位臺灣佛教史具代表性的「跨界者」，可從個人條件與宗教生態兩個面向分析：前者是曾景來從青年時期，接受日本佛教教育養成，逐漸成為臺灣本土佛教菁英者，協力日本當局推動宗教革新；到中年後同樣以本土佛教菁英的角色，協力國府進行佛教的「中國化」工程。從後者而言，意指臺灣的宗教生態樣貌，原本即具有高度的跨界性，無論是佛教、民間教派、民間信仰皆然，彼此的互動連結已然為民間常態，這也提供了類似曾景來這種「跨界者」的天然土壤。

關鍵字

曾景來 ； 跨界 ； 東淨寺 ； 臺灣佛教史 ； 民間信仰

並列摘要

Zeng Jinglai was one of few significant figures in Taiwan who received a modern Buddhist higher education during the Japanese occupation period and into the early post-war period. With his deep learning and cultivation of Buddhism, abundant life experiences, and skill in responding to social circumstances, he was able to play the role of a "boundary crosser" in the history of Taiwanese Buddhism. The term "boundary crosser" used in this article refers to several aspects: 1) era and nationality: Chinese Buddhism vs. Japanese Buddhism; 2) his identity as a religious master: master of monks vs. laymen; 3) beliefs and attitudes: orthodox beliefs vs. superstition; 4) activities and operations: innovation vs conservatism. Zeng Jinglai has become a representative "boundary crosser" in the history of Buddhism in Taiwan. His life and experiences can be examined from two perspectives: personal conditions and religious environment. With regard to the former, Zeng Jinglai received a Japanese Buddhist education in his youth, gradually became a Taiwanese native elite Buddhist figure, and cooperated with the Japanese authorities to promote religious reforms. In his middle ages, he also played the role of a local Buddhist elite and cooperated with the national government to carry out the "Sinicization" project of Buddhism. The latter perspective acknowledges that Taiwan's religious environment has always had highly permeable boundaries. Whether it was Buddhism, popular sects, or folk beliefs and practices, mutual interactions and connections between religious groups were already the norm among the populace during Zeng's life. These conditions offered a natural environment to foster Zeng Jinglai's "boundary crossing."

並列關鍵字

Zeng Jinglai 曾景來 ； cross border ； Dongjing Temple 東淨寺 ； history of Buddhism in Taiwan ； folk beliefs

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