- 期刊
同化為日本人：日治時期原住民教育政策演變之探析
Assimilating to Japanese: An Analysis of the Evolution of Indigenous Education Policy During Japanese Colonial Period
摘要
本文主要係以「同化為日本人」為主軸，從法律、文化與產業等三個角度，來探析日治時期原住民教育政策之演變。本文係屬歷史研究，透過相關歷史文獻的分析與討論，進一步瞭解日治時期的官方原住民教育政策演變。從日治初期樺山資紀總督的「蒙昧頑愚之蕃族」，到大正時期川崎卓吉警務局長的「汝等等同日本國民」、「成為堂堂正正日本人」，可見日本殖民官員對於原住民的觀感有所改變，然而實質層面上是如此嗎？在原住民的法律身分上，就憲法上國民一視同仁受平等待遇的角度來看，原住民並沒有受到平等的教育，反而是接受較為次等的教育。文化上的同化是日本統治者的一貫目標，而在策略上是讓原住民不受漢人的干擾，直接同化為日本人。受到霧社事件的影響，文化上的同化容或有較為和緩的主張出現，但在皇民化運動下，便又出現強制性的文化同化措施。如從生活型態的同化來看，日本統治者將原住民在產業發展上定位成農民，而這種農耕知識與技術當然是日本式的農耕。
並列摘要
This article mainly focuses on assimilating Taiwan indigenous peoples to Japanese, and analyzes the evolution of indigenous education policy during Japanese colonial period. This article mainly observes at the evolution of indigenous education policy from three perspectives: law, culture, and industry. This article is a historical research, through the analysis and discussion of relevant historical documents, in order to further understand the evolution of official indigenous education during the Japanese colonial period. From Taiwan Governor Kabayama's "ignorant and stupid indigenous peoples" in the early days of the Japanese occupation to "you and others (referred to the indigenous peoples) are equal to Japanese citizens" and "becoming an upright Japanese" by Kawasaki Police Chief during the Taisho period, we can see the Japanese colonial officials' perception of the indigenous peoples. That can also be seen that the Japanese colonial officials' perception of the indigenous peoples has changed, but is this true on a substantive level? In terms of the legal status of the indigenous peoples, from the governor to the officials in charge of indigenous affairs, there was a declaration that the indigenous peoples were subjects and citizens of the Empire of Japan. If indigenous peoples were Japanese citizens, they should receive equal education, but they receive a relatively inferior education. Generally speaking, "assimilation" refers to cultural assimilation. Cultural assimilation was indeed the consistent goal of the Japanese rulers, and the strategy was to allow the indigenous peoples to directly assimilate with the Japanese without being disturbed by the Han peoples. Affected by the Wushe tribe incident, cultural assimilation may have been moderately advocated, but under the imperialization movement, compulsory cultural assimilation measures appeared again. From the perspective of the assimilation of lifestyles, the Japanese rulers positioned the indigenous peoples as farmers in terms of industrial development, and hoped that the indigenous peoples would switch from hunting to farming. Of course, this kind of farming knowledge and technology was also Japanese-style farming.