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論交付審判制度之法官迴避制度-兼評最高法院刑事大法庭111年度台上大字第1924號裁定

Judge Disqualification for Setting for Trial Procedure - Review of Supreme Criminal Court Ruling No. 1924, 111th Session

摘要


最高法院刑事大法庭111年度台上大字第1924號裁定係在處理法官曾參與准予交付審判之裁定者,於嗣後同一案件之審判,是否應加以迴避之問題。本件裁定最終認定:法官曾參與准予交付審判之裁定者,於嗣後同一案件之審判,應類推適用刑事訴訟法第17條第7款規定自行迴避,不得執行職務。我國交付審判制度於2002年修法通過,賦予法院一定之權限審查檢察官所為緩起訴、不起訴處分有無濫用權力之情事。在立法理由中亦有載明係參考德國與日本之立法例而為之立法。然相較於日本刑事訴訟明文將曾參與交付審判作為法定迴避事由,我國法制上對此卻未有任何規定,也引發本件裁定。本文考量日本交付審判制度與我國制度之類似性,以日本法為比較對象,對於本件裁定及現有草案提出相關評析意見。

並列摘要


Through the Ruling No. 1924 in 2022, the Supreme Criminal Court in Taiwan made a decision regarding whether a judge who has previously decided the defendant be put on trial for the offense in a "setting for trial" proceeding, should recuse himself or herself from the subsequent trials for the case. The ruling ultimately held that that in such cases, Article 17(7) under the Code of Criminal Procedure is to be applied analogically to recuse the judge in a setting for trial procedure previously from sitting in the following district trials for the same case. In 2002, Legislative Yuan in Taiwan added in "setting for trial" system to the criminal procedure law. The system grants the court to examine whether a prosecutor has abused his/her power by deferring prosecution or not prosecuting. In the legislation explanation, it notes the system was created with reference to the trial proceeding systems in Germany and Japan. However, in contrast to the Japanese criminal law, which expressly states that participation in a "setting for trial" is a legal ground for excusing a judge from the subsequent trials, there was no such a provision under the Code of Criminal Procedure in Taiwan, which led to this ruling, No. 1924, from Supreme Criminal Court. The review here provides comments on the ruling and the on-goling relevant legislation drafts.

參考文獻


林孟皇(2017)。聲請交付審判與法官迴避──評臺灣高等法院高雄分院105年度抗字第1號刑事裁定。裁判時報,58,79-89。https://doi.org/10.3966/207798362017040058007
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顏榕(2020)。交付審判程序之目的與證據調查範圍──簡評臺灣新竹地方法院108年聲判更一字第1號裁定。月旦醫事法報告,45,40-57。https://doi.org/10.3966/241553062020070045004
司法院(2021年3月22日)。司法院院會通過刑事訴訟法部分條文及刑事訴訟法施行法第7條之20修正草案新聞稿。https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1887-393621-5618c-1.html
司法院(2022年12月28日)。最高法院刑事大法庭111年度台上大字第1924號偽造文書案件新聞稿(111-刑大15)。https://www.judicial.gov.tw/tw/cp-1888-786141-53989-1.html

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