Cicada is very popular with the Chinese; only after the silkworm, the migratory locusts and fighting crickets. It is used both as food and as drug and enjoyed by poets and children. It is well studied as early as the first century with 31 synonyms are recorded by Yang Hsium (53-18 BC) in his Fang Yen (local dialects). This paper consists of 6 chapters with the materials all from Chinese ancient books; part of them being published by Osiris (Belgium) in 1950 under the title "Cicadas in Chinese culture". The present installment is the first chapter "Cicada Science in China" dealing with the biology, distribution, history and literature of the insect.