- 期刊
- OpenAccess
Identification of Two Sibling Species, Ephemera formosana and E. sauteri (Ephmeroptera: Ephemeridae), Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis
從粒線體去氧核糖核酸序列鑑定蜉蝣屬（蜉蝣目：蜉蝣科）同胞種Ephemera formosana及E. sauteri
摘要
Ephemera formosana and E. sauteri are the only 2 recorded species of Ephemera in Taiwan. They are sibling species that are not easily distinguished from each other using only morphological characters. Therefore, we used PCR and DNA sequencing methods to obtain the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene to identify the species of Ephemera in Taiwan. Sequence comparison of the 486 bases at the 3'-end of the gene from 7 E. formosana and 4 E. sauteri specimens showed that 2 specimens (Ef1, Ef5) were different from formosana and sauteri. The nucleotide sequence divergence among the specimens examined ranged from 1.65% to 3.5%, which was distant enough to consider Ef1 and Ef5 (from Sofong, Hualien Co. and Pahsienshan, Taichung Co., respectively) to be another 2 species. Multidimensional scaling analysis also confirmed that Ef1, Ef5, E. formosana, and E. sauteri were far away from one another. Nucleotide data also suggested that the specimen Ef4 from Lona (Nantou Co.), formerly described as a member of E. formosana, should be a member of E. sauteri as it was grouped consistently with the members of E. sauteri in both phylogenetic reconstruction and multidimensional scaling analysis. Furthermore, since both adults and nymphs of the same species from different localities were consistently grouped together, the molecular approach is good for both nymphal and adult classifications.
並列摘要
Ephemera formosana及E. sauteri為同胞種（sibling species）蜉蝣，也是台灣目前記錄中僅有的2種Ephemera蜉蝣，其形態極難區分，因此本研究運用PCR的技術取得粒線體16S核糖體基因的去氧核糖核酸序列，鑑定台灣的蜉蝣（Ephemera）昆蟲。從該基因3’端486個鹽基比對來自全省各地11個標本的結果顯示，除了E. formosana及E. sauteri外，可能有另外兩個種也分佈在台灣，其中一個採自花蓮縣壽豐鄉（Ef1），另一個採自台中縣八仙山（Ef5），因為此二標本與其它標本之間的差異範圍1.65%－3.5%已遠超過種內變異；多尺度空間分析亦顯示Ef1，Ef5，E. formosana及E. sauteri彼此分離，各成一群。類緣分析及多尺度空間分析的結果可知，採自南投縣羅娜的標本Ef4，原本列為E. formosana一員，應該是E. sauteri種類，因其去氧核糖核酸序列與E. sauteri一群相似。另外，不同時期採自不同地點的標本，無論是成蟲或稚蟲，同種類的成員分別聚類在一起，據此而推，核酸序列的數據應可運用於成蟲及稚蟲分類體系的結合。