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日本「刑之一部緩刑」制度之再確認
Reconfirmation of ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ in Japan
摘要
日本的「刑之一部緩刑」制度，施行至今已滿五年，由於此制度與以往的緩刑制度，有著相當大的差異，即便是立法至今已經超過八年，對於國人而言，仍然相當陌生。為使吾人能夠確實理解此一制度，本文藉由分析制度的基本架構、回顧此制度的立法背景（特別是與假釋制度之間的關係）、整理學說上對此制度之詮釋、以及檢討實務對此制度的認知，進行制度理解的再確認。藉由本文的再確認可知：日本的「刑之一部緩刑」制度，在理論上已被確立為與以往全部不緩刑的「實刑」輕重相仿的刑罰類型，而且在實務判決當中，這樣的定位也獲得了確認。這個定位下的「刑之一部緩刑」，雖然適用範圍與原先預設的範圍有所出入，但在解決部分假釋制度留下的難題方面，依舊有其貢獻。雖然日本的「刑之一部緩刑」制度，對刑事司法制度不甚相同的我國而言，是否有引進的必要，還有待日後進一步的分析，但在現階段，觀察日本學說對於「刑之一部緩刑」的「中間刑說」的批判，以及學說、實務對於「機構內處遇與社會內處遇」的不斷強調，在針砭我國現狀時，仍有相當大的啟示作用。
並列摘要
In Japan, a new type of punishment called ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ was enacted in 2013 and has been enforced since 2016. Even five years have passed since it came into enforcement, this system is not well known in Taiwan. Therefore, to reconfirm the ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂, this article analyzes the following issues. Compared to the previous system, the new type is quite different. For this reason, in chapter 2, it introduces the outline of ＂ Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ and the background of drafting. In particular, it describes the problem of the parole system that is one of the reasons why ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ was established. Next, the order of ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ was considered to be lesser than the ＂non-suspended sentence＂ and greater than the ＂entire suspended sentence＂. However, such a view has now been denied, because it has caused misunderstandings and it might lead to aggravated penalties. Chapter 3 demonstrates how the scholars discuss the new system and examines the meaning of this system. Based on the above explanation, Chapter 4 examines whether the court has issued a decision in accordance with the consensus mentioned above. Afterwards, the current status of ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ will be examined through statistical data. Finally, it comments on ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂. For Taiwan, this system is quite novel and the situation in the country is different, so it seems difficult to operate same system. However, consideration of the ＂Suspended Execution of Part of a Sentence＂ would be beneficial for Taiwan in improving its criminal policy.