- 期刊
中國大陸實施港澳台居民居住證制度對台影響研究
A Study on the Impact of Mainland China's Residence Permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan Residents on Taiwan
摘要
中國大陸為貫徹習近平「兩岸融合發展」戰略，實施港澳台居民居住證等制度，逐步改革戶籍行政，試圖將兩岸四地居民納入政策涵蓋對象。但由於兩岸特殊政經關係，值得台灣關注與深思因應。本研究即先瞭解大陸戶籍制度變革與內涵，比較國際相關制度，以分析該制度造成的推力與拉力因素，並瞭解台灣政府的政策因應作為。本研究認為，大陸推動居住證制度將可能因提供人民便捷，使在地的社會融合發揮作用，形成人口往大陸移動的拉力因素，但因大陸政治體制與文化也會使人民對自由與人權無法得到保障而產生人口外移的推力因素，特別是近年來反送中運動、中美貿易戰、甚或是新冠（武漢）肺炎等重大事件的影響，皆可能影響人民的居住選擇。本研究建議台灣方面宜審慎因應此制度的影響，建立資訊平台取代強制申報、基於國家安全研議合理限制公法權利、創造環境制度誘因提供人民良性選擇；同時也要考量過強的政制反制亦可能形成人口外移的推力。
並列摘要
In order to implement Xi Jinping's 'cross-strait integrated development' strategy, Mainland China has developed the residence permit for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and gradually reformed the household registration administration in an attempt to include these people from four territories as the subjects of the policy. However, due to the special political and economic relation between the two sides of the strait, this policy is worth Taiwan's consideration. This study first explores the changes and implications of the Chinese household registration system, compares the system with other relevant international ones, analyzes the 'push and pull' factors generated by the system, and find out Taiwanese government's response policies. This study suggests that Mainland China's promoting the residence card system may bring convenience to the targeted residents, make way for local social integration, and form a pull factor that motivates people to move to Mainland China. However, the current Chinese political and cultural institutions are unable to guarantee people complete freedom and human rights, resulting in the population's migration out of China. In recent years, the impact of major events such as anti-extradition movement, China-US trade war, Covid-19, may contribute to people's choices of residence. This study recommends that Taiwan should be cautious about the impacts of this system, establish a public informative channel to replace mandatory statements, reasonably restrict public legal rights based on national security research, and create incentives to provide people with beneficial choices. At the same time, excessive political countermeasures must be considered that may be able to form a push for population migration.