- 期刊
宋慶齡與毛澤東政治關係之解析
An Analysis of the Political Relationship between Soong Ching-ling and Mao Zedong
摘要
宋慶齡以孫中山夫人之身份踏入中國政治史，但因其個人之政治理想，以及對共產黨的情結，讓她在政黨的取向有其主觀判斷，這些因素導致政局的變化與個人的的評價兩極化。本文主要是探討宋慶齡與毛澤東兩者之間的政治關係。主要研究問題有二：一、1925年孫中山逝世之前孫中山夫人宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係為何？二為孫中山逝世後宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係為何？本文採用歷史研究途徑，並使用文獻分析法，運用「角色理論」（Role Theory），解析孫中山夫人宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係。本文主要重點有三：一、早期孫中山夫人宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係（1893－1925）；二、中期宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係（1925－1949）；三、晚期宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係（1949－1976）。筆者認為孫中山夫人宋慶齡與毛澤東之政治關係，在1920年代已初步建立，在孫中山在世期間的宋慶齡與毛澤東的政治關係，主要來自於她是孫中山的夫人之政治角色。宋慶齡與毛澤東兩者之間，只有間接的政治關係。中期宋慶齡與毛澤東，因政治主張（國共合作）關係，雙方來往逐漸密切。1949年，中華人民共和國建立之前，因宋慶齡是孫中山遺孀的角色，有其政治意義，中共中央邀請其參加由中國共產黨領導的多黨合作制的聯合政府，與朱德、劉少奇、張瀾、李濟深、高崗，共同擔任副主席一職。中華人民共和國成立後，毛澤東擔任國家主席為實際的黨國領導人，而宋慶齡也曾擔任中華人民共和國副主席。
並列摘要
Soong Ching-ling stepped into China's political history as Mrs. Sun Yat-sen. However, due to her personal political ideals and complex towards the Communist Party, she had her own subjective judgement on her political inclination. These factors led to the political changes and her personal evaluation polarization. This paper mainly discussed the political relationship between Soong Ching-Ling and Mao Zedong, which included two research problems:1. What was the political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong before Sun Yat-sen passed away in 1925? 2. What was the political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong after Sun Yat-sen passed away? This study adopted the historical research approach, literature analysis, and role theory to analyze the political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong. There are three main focuses in this paper: 1. The political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong in the early period (1893-1925); 2. The political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong in the middle period (1925-1949); 3. The political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong in the late period (1949-1976). The author believed the political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong had been initially built in the 1920s. While Sun Yat-sen was still alive, the political relationship between Mrs. Sun Yat-sen (Soong Ching-ling) and Mao Zedong mainly came from her political role as Mrs. Sun Yat-sen. Between Soong Ching-ling and Mao Zedong, there were only an indirect political relationship. During the middle period, Soong Ching-ling and Mao Zedong's interactions gradually became more frequent due to their political stance (cooperation between the Kuomingtang and the Communist Party). In 1949, before the People's Republic of China was founded, because her role as Sun Yat-sen's widow had political significance, the CPC Central Committee invited Soong Ching-ling to join the multi-party cooperative government led by China's Communist Party, and serve as vice chairpersons along with Chu Te, Liu Shao-Chi, Chang Lan, Li Chi-Shen, and Kao Kang. After the People's Republic of China was founded, Mao Zedong took up the post of the national chairman and was the substantive party state leader, while Soong Ching-ling served as the vice chairman of the People's Republic of China.