台灣與日本國會選舉制度之比較研析：兼論台灣選舉制度之改革方向

2005年修憲後國會立法委員席次從225席減為113席，113席立委席次中區域立委73席、原住民立委6席和不分區立委34席，2008年第七屆立委選舉改為「單一選區兩票制」中之並立制，區域立委的選舉方式由「複數選區單記非讓渡投票制」改為「單一選區相對多數決制」每縣市至少一人，不分區立委仍維持「政黨比例代表制」，但計算基準由原先的一票制改為兩票制，2008年總統立委大選首度實施單一選區兩票制並立制，實施多年來國會單一政黨得以過半，具有強化政治穩定的優點，避免政黨體系過於零碎化，但也引來對新興、小型政黨較為不公平的批評，因此一直存在代表性不足的偏差，比例性偏差的缺失是否能透過聯立制來大幅改善？一直是各界爭論的焦點。

關鍵字

單一選區兩票制；政黨比例代表制；選舉制度；聯立制；並立制

並列摘要

In 2005, the number of seats in the Legislative Yuan was reduced from 225 to 113 after the constitutional amendment. Of the 113 seats, 73 are district representatives, 6 are indigenous representatives, and 34 are non-partisan representatives. In the 2008 seventh-term Legislative Yuan election, the election system was changed to the "parallel system" of the "single-member district two-vote system". The election method for district representatives was changed from "multi-member district single-vote non-transferable vote" to "single-member district relative majority voting" with at least one person per county. Non-partisan representatives still maintain the "party proportional representation system", but the calculation basis was changed from the original one-vote system to the two-vote system. The single-member district two-vote system and parallel system were first implemented in the 2008 presidential and legislative elections. Over the years of implementation, the single party has been able to win more than half of the seats in the parliament, which has the advantage of strengthening political stability and avoiding the fragmentation of the party system. However, it has also been criticized for being unfair to emerging and small parties. Therefore, there has always been a bias towards insufficient representation. Whether the lack of proportionality can be significantly improved through a mixed system has always been a focus of controversy in the community.