從孫中山的「博愛」思想看證嚴上人的「大愛」思想暨實踐初探－兼論政府應扮演的角色

孫中山在一百多年前提出的「博愛」思想為國人所週知，尤其他畢生的博愛題字共有64幅，在在顯示這是他念茲在茲、思想中的核心；而證嚴上人自1969年帶領慈濟志工在台東大南村大火發動緊急救援開始的「大愛」實踐，一眨眼也已超過半世紀了。兩者看似平行時空，但卻有著極其相近的初衷，這是本文會將之連結的最重要動機。本文運用文獻分析法與比較研究法，先對孫中山的「博愛」思想以及證嚴上人的「大愛」思想暨實踐做各自梳理，接著進行相同與相異的比較，最後則提出兼論政府應扮演角色以及對慈濟的期許之歸納結論。本文以為，儘管證嚴上人所帶領之慈濟的本質是宗教團體，不過其「大愛」實踐卻是同時也將孫中山從未自己實踐的「博愛」思想具體落實在很多直接關懷人民的層面，這樣的印證，無疑突顯孫中山思想的高度，但也代表在中華民國政府治理架構下，慈濟的重要；畢竟它除了具有撫慰人心之宗教角色外，某種程度亦是孫中山思想的傳承者以及政府施政的部份協力者。是故未來除了繼續扮演各自原有的角色外，必要時彼此間的相互協助與支援也將不可免，無論是治國思想、純理論面的「博愛」，亦或是宗教思想、重實踐面的「大愛」，相信這樣的力量絕對會達成一加一大於二的效果的！

關鍵字

孫中山；博愛；證嚴上人；慈濟；大愛

並列摘要

The idea of "universal love" proposed by Dr. Sun Yat-sen more than a hundred years ago is well-known to the Chinese people. In particular, he has a total of 64 universal-love inscriptions throughout his life, which shows that this is the core of his thoughts and thoughts; Master Cheng Yen herself the practice of "great Love" began in 1969 when she led Tzu Chi volunteers to launch emergency rescue operations in Taitung's Danan Village fire. In the blink of an eye, it has been more than half a century. The two seem to be in parallel time and space, but they have very similar original intentions. This is the most important motivation for connecting them in this article. This article uses literature analysis and comparative research methods to first sort out Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "universal love" thought and Master Cheng Yen's "great love" thought and practice, then compare the similarities and differences, and finally propose a summary on the role a government to be played and some expectations for Tzu Chi. This article believes that although Tzu Chi led by Master Cheng Yen is essentially a religious organization, its practice of "great love" also embodies the idea of "universal love" that Sun Yat-sen never practiced himself in many aspects that directly care for the people. Such confirmation undoubtedly underlines the height of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thoughts, but it also represents the importance of Tzu Chi within the government governance structure of the Republic of China; after all, in addition to its religious role of soothing people, it is also to some extent the inheritor of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's thoughts and the partial collaborator in government administration. Therefore, in the future, in addition to continuing to play their original roles, mutual assistance and support will also be inevitable when necessary, whether it is governance thoughts and purely theoretical "universal love", or religious thoughts and practical aspects of "great love", I believe that such power will definitely achieve the effect of one plus one being greater than two!