摘要
阿斯緹．林格倫（Astrid Lindgren）的長襪皮皮是兒少文學知名人物，常被視為野丫頭和兒童自在天性的普遍表徵。然而此人物充滿謎團。首先她力大無比，遠遠超乎常理；然而這力量從何而來？她也身世成謎：幾乎無父無母。作為「孤兒」卻毫不想念逝去母親；至於黑人島上當國王的爸爸，像是客串演員。怎麼有如此「去－家庭脈絡」的兒童人物？此外作為表徵自由天性的兒童形象，至今都充滿爭議。保守批評者指出皮皮違反常規、顛倒一切還滿口謊言；而林格倫和擁護者，則以自由教育為名反擊之。然而，自由教育只會養成這樣的「壞孩子」？本文擺脫前述閱讀詮釋盲點與困境，從狂歡節理論來切入分析，指出長襪皮皮乃是在日常生活中演出的小丑，如巴赫汀：「他們體現著一種特殊的生活方式，一種既是現實的，同時又是理想的生活方式。狂歡節擺脫佔統治地位的真理和現有制度，取消一切等級關係、特權、規範和禁令。」另也援引人類學家特納（Victor Turner）來指出，皮皮的力量乃是來自「弱者的力量」。林格倫藉由長襪皮皮這位日常生活中的小丑，將顛覆性與促進生成力量導入，劃破遊戲與生活的界限，賦予生活遊戲性，恢復生活成為可被創造的狀態。正是如此，才得以衝擊當時教育體制、教養觀念乃至促生新的兒童概念。
並列摘要
Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren is a well-known figure in children's literature and is often seen as a universal representation of wild girls and children's free nature. However, this character is full of mysteries. First of all, she is powerful, far beyond reason; but where does this power come from? She is also a mystery: almost no father or mother. As an ＂orphan＂, he doesn't miss his dead mother; as for the father who is the king of the Negro Island, he is like a guest actor. How come there are child characters that go so far in the family context? In addition, the image of children as a representation of the free nature is still full of controversy. Conservative critics point out that Pippi is unconventional, upside-down, and full of lies; Lindgren and his supporters fight back in the name of liberal education. However, free education will only cultivate such ＂bad children＂ ? This article gets rid of the aforementioned blind spots and predicaments of reading and interpretation, and analyzes from the carnival theory, pointing out that Pippi Longstocking are clowns who perform in daily life, such as Bakhtin: ＂They embody a special way of life, a kind of real life, and at the same time an ideal way of life. Carnival is free from the prevailing truths and existing institutions, abolishing all hierarchies, privileges, norms and prohibitions.＂ The anthropologist Victor Turner was also quoted as saying that Pippi The power comes from ＂the power of the weak＂. Through Pippi Longstocking, the clown in everyday life, Lindgren introduces the power of subversion and facilitation, breaks the boundaries between games and life, endows life with gameplay, and restores life to a state that can be created. It was in this way that it was able to impact the education system, the concept of parenting and even the new concept of children at that time.