十至十一世紀的前後蜀亡國徵應敘事

本文旨在考察十至十一世紀關於前蜀、後蜀亡國徵應的敘事，從而探討該時期蜀地社會如何透過當地讖緯學、祠神信仰等脈絡，表達其對此二外來政權的評價。前蜀建國的過程中，曾運用大量祥瑞賦予蜀地神聖形象，以強調其王朝的正統性。其實，前蜀、後蜀亡國之際的相關記載中，也可見許多以徵應為形式的天命轉移敘事，而以前蜀繼承問題的相關異象、前後蜀的亡國徵應為兩大主題。這類富含信仰、術數內容的敘事，散見於此時期的蜀人筆記、官方紀傳體與編年體，迄今尚乏深入分析。此前研究中，涉及五代十國亡國論述者偏重後梁、後唐與南唐之例；專論前後蜀政治變遷者則少從術數、信仰脈絡著眼。因此，本文認為透過對這類敘事的分析，可以掌握蜀人在經歷朝代遞嬗之際，如何記錄、解釋前朝的滅亡，進而為近世蜀地歷史書寫提供新的視角。

關鍵字

前蜀；後蜀；亡國徵應；信仰；術數

並列摘要

How was the fall of the Former and the Later Shu Kingdoms perceived by the locals from the tenth to eleventh centuries? How did they evaluate these two regimes? The founder of the Former Shu used auspicious omens to legitimize his rule. While these omens described the Shu region as a sacred land, accounts of the two Shu Kingdoms varied and at times differed sharply among biji (miscellaneous notes), biographies, annals, funerary biographies and literary works. These accounts often focus on inauspicious omens indicating the demise of an heir apparent or the collapse of the Shu dynasties. However, little scholarly attention is paid to these accounts, and this paper fills in the gap. In fact, Shu intellectuals sometimes drew a parallel between the inauspicious omens and the legend of the local divine lord Zitong and sometimes interpreted these omens with the knowledge of divination. Thus, this paper sheds new light on the modes of historiographical writing in the Shu region.