士大夫政治與宋代皇權－以趙抃個人作為切入的考察

通常講宋代是士大夫與皇帝共治天下。那麼，共治是一種什麼樣的形態？在強勢的士大夫政治背景之下，君臣之間如何互動？士大夫是如何讓皇帝依從他們的意志的？君主獨裁制度規定下的皇權名與實又如何？對於這一系列的問題，儘管筆者曾有過綜合性的考察，和以真宗朝宰相為主的個案研究，但對士大夫政治走向全盛的仁宗朝以後，除了在范仲淹研究中略有涉及之外，還缺乏具體的考察。北宋名臣趙抃歷仕仁、英、神三朝，既擔任過言職，又擔任過執政，與各朝皇帝都有著較多的互動。於是，其言其行便成為考察士大夫政治下皇權狀態的一個較好視角。

關鍵字

宋代；趙抃；仁宗；神宗；士大夫政治

並列摘要

The Song dynasty is often regarded as one in which scholar-officials and emperors ruled together. What exactly does it mean? How did scholar-officials and emperors interact within the backdrop of powerful scholar-officialdom? How did scholar-officials manage to persuade emperors to act in their favor? How was the power of the emperor operated in name and in reality? This paper tries to answer these questions with the case of Zhao Bian, a famous scholar-official that served three reigns (Renzong, Yingzong and Shenzong) as a junior official in charge of policy recommendation and one of the most senior officials.