- 期刊
- OpenAccess
《周易》賁卦中「賁」字的詞義分析與運用
Analysis and Application of the Meaning of the Word ＂賁＂ (＂Bì＂) in the Hexagram Bì of Zhouyi
摘要
在現代漢語裡，「賁」字的意義有「賁臨」、「虎賁」等。可是在古漢語裡，「賁」字有截然不同的意義和用法。「賁」在《周易》經文賁卦中每一爻皆出現，例如「賁其趾、賁其須、賁如濡如、賁如皤如、賁於丘園、白賁」等。「賁」字在古漢語中到底有幾種意義？其核心詞義是什麼？語法功能又如何？本論文旨在嘗試探索周易賁卦中「賁」字的用法，把「賁」字的詞義和運用作深入的分析和描寫，以闡明「賁」字的狀況與今日之差異。本論文以歐洲語義學中“語義場”（Semantic Field）之理論為理論基礎，即“詞彙類聚”，探討詞彙的聚合關係（Carson,1995）。“語義場”是客觀存在的系統性在語義上的反映，語義上互相關聯的詞共同構成一個詞彙系統，屬於一個“語義場”的詞，在語義上互相依存限制。“場”原是物理學術語，如磁場等，從“場”的本義或“場”賴以構成的因素來考慮，“語義場”的形成，須以若干詞與彼此在意義上互有影響作用為條件；換言之，若干詞語彼此有互相影響的關係，才能形成“語義場”，或者說，才能構成詞彙中“特殊的場”──“詞彙場”（Carson,1995）。因此，本研究運用上述語義場（詞彙場－Lexical Field）的觀點，來分析「賁」字的析詞、造詞、分詞與用詞法。詞彙的變遷是各種語言成份當中最為明顯的，本研究將針對各時代的語料作詳細的分析，以便對古代漢語言的演變有客觀和全面的理解。《周易》材料龐大豐碩是取之不盡，用之不竭的研究資源。因此，整部《周易》就是一座珍貴的漢語研究寶庫之一。本論文以文獻分析法為本論文的研究方法。研究結果發現：對「賁」字的詞義和語法功能進行了共時的描寫，並且闡明了古今「賁」字的構詞與詞義確實具有相當程度的差異。
並列摘要
In modern Chinese, the word ＂賁＂ (＂bì＂) has different meanings such as bì lín (賁臨) and Hǔbēn (虎賁). However, in ancient Chinese, the word ＂賁＂ has a completely different meaning and usage. This word appears in every hexagram of the Hexagram Bì (賁卦) in the Book of Changes; for example, it appears as bì qí zhǐ (賁其趾), bì qí xū (賁其須), bēn rú rú rú (賁如濡如), bān rú pó rú (賁如皤如), bēn yú qiū yuán (賁於丘園), and bái bì (白賁). What are the meanings of the word ＂賁＂ in ancient Chinese? What is its core meaning? What are its grammatical features? The aim of this study was to explore the usage of the word ＂賁＂ in the Hexagram Bì of Zhouyi (Book of Changes), to comprehensively analyze and describe the meanings and applications of the word ＂賁,＂ and to clarify the difference between the historical usage of the word ＂賁＂ and its current usage. To explore the aggregation relationship of words, this study used the theory of semantic fields in European semantics (i.e., lexical clustering; Carson, 1995). A semantic field is a semantic reflection of an objectively existing system. Semantically related words together form a lexical system, and words belonging to a semantic field are semantically interdependent and restricted. ＂Field＂ is originally a physical term (e.g., magnetic field). Considering the original meaning of the word ＂field＂ and the factors constituting it, several words should be to form a semantic field such that they have mutual influences. This means that the function is the condition. In other words, only when a number of words have mutual influences can a semantic field be formed; that is, a special field (lexical field) can be formed in vocabulary (Carson, 1995). Here, this semantic field (lexical field) was used as a standpoint for the analysis, creation, segmentation, and lexical usage of the word ＂賁.＂ In general, changes in vocabulary are clearest among various language components. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the corpus of each era to obtain an objective and exhaustive understanding of the evolution of the ancient Chinese language. The Book of Changes is an extensive and rich resource, rendering it a valuable resource for Chinese studies. A literature analysis method was used as the research method for this study. The study results revealed that the meaning and grammatical function of the word ＂賁＂ are described synchronously. The results also demonstrated that the word formation and meaning of the word ＂賁＂ in ancient and modern times are quite different.